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Field Guides Tour Report
ARIZONA NIGHTBIRDS & MORE II
May 10, 2012 to May 14, 2012
Dave Stejskal


It's not surprising that the beautiful Red-faced Warbler is a close relative of both Red Warbler and Pink-headed Warbler of Mexico and Central America. What is surprising is that both Canada and Wilson's warblers have recently been added to the same genus! Who would have thought? (Photo by guide Dave Stejskal)

We all enjoyed another very successful "Arizona Nightbirds & More" tour this year, and it was my 2nd run of this short and productive itinerary in as many weeks. Weather was pretty darned good, with a minimum of wind, and the temperatures were quite enjoyable in the highlands.

Our sights were again set on finding as many of the breeding species of owls and nightjars that we could in this rich corner of the state. We weren't disappointed with our owl tally, seeing a total of seven species very well from the Santa Rita Mts. south of Tucson east to the west side of the Chiricahua Mts. The prizes this year included a trio of small owls on our first night together (Elf, plus Whiskered and Western screech-owls), then the stately Spotted Owl and diminutive Northern Pygmy-Owl in the Huachuca Mts. to the s.e. of Tucson, and, finally, the highly coveted Flammulated Owl and the widespread Great Horned Owl in the Chiricahuas. Some were easy, and others not so much, but we came away with memorable looks at all of them. Nightjars were another issue, with Lesser Nighthawk and Common Poorwill making the 'seen' list, but satisfying ourselves with excellent audio only for the recently split Mexican Whip-poor-will.

Traveling to the canyons, creeks, and mountains that secret away these many nightbird species necessarily gets you into habitat for a number of prized Southeast Arizona specialty species, and we did well again with these this year. A wandering female White-eared Hummingbird in Madera Canyon was arguably the best of these, but we also scored on seven other species of hummingbirds, a nesting Gray Hawk, Elegant Trogon for a few of us, multiple Arizona Woodpeckers, a fine selection of local flycatchers including a final hour Thick-billed Kingbird, outstanding Mexican Chickadee, an excellent slate of specialty warblers including Red-faced, the local Rufous-winged and Botteri's sparrows, and the distinctive Yellow-eyed Junco.

Thanks to each of you for joining me on this short but extremely enjoyable tour to an area that I consider to be my 'back yard'. It's a region of the world that I never tire of. Enjoy the long summer and I hope to see all of you on an upcoming tour again soon!

--Dave

For more information about this tour, including future departures, visit our website at www.fieldguides.com. And to see this same triplist online, go to https://fieldguides.com/triplists/azn12bLIST.pdf and you will find the list in its entirety.


KEYS FOR THIS LIST
One of the following keys may be shown in brackets for individual species as appropriate: * = heard only, I = introduced, E = endemic, N = nesting, a = austral migrant, b = boreal migrant


BIRDS
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl)
MALLARD (NORTHERN) (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos)
MALLARD (MEXICAN) (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) – These hen-plumaged birds might actually be more closely related to Mottled Duck than they are to true Mallard.
BLUE-WINGED TEAL (Anas discors) – This male bird and the male N. Shoveler were both getting a little late.
NORTHERN SHOVELER (Anas clypeata)
Odontophoridae (New World Quail)
SCALED QUAIL (Callipepla squamata) – A couple of these were nice finds on our way to Whitewater Draw.
GAMBEL'S QUAIL (Callipepla gambelii) – One of the most characteristic birds of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts of the Southwest. [N]
Phasianidae (Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies)
WILD TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo) – These reintroduced birds are really establishing themselves well again in the state.
Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns)
GREAT BLUE HERON (Ardea herodias) – Several active nests along Sonoita Creek near Patagonia. [N]
CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis) – A couple of birds north of Elfrida were a little unexpected in such dry conditions.
Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)
WHITE-FACED IBIS (Plegadis chihi) – A small flock at Whitewater Draw was getting late for this species in the state.
Cathartidae (New World Vultures)
BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus) – This one typically doesn't get much farther east than Patagonia in the state.
TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura)
Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
COOPER'S HAWK (Accipiter cooperii) – On a nest above the Madera Kubo. [N]
GRAY HAWK (Buteo nitidus) – That nest we saw in Madera Canyon was the first nest that I know of in Madera Canyon proper. [N]
SWAINSON'S HAWK (Buteo swainsoni) – The common raptor in the open mesquite grassland in s.e AZ.
RED-TAILED HAWK (Buteo jamaicensis)
Charadriidae (Plovers and Lapwings)
KILLDEER (Charadrius vociferus) [N]
Scolopacidae (Sandpipers and Allies)
SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Actitis macularius)
Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves)
ROCK PIGEON (Columba livia) [I]
BAND-TAILED PIGEON (Patagioenas fasciata) – Despite the recent fire, there were a few birds presumably looking to nest in the remaining habitat up in Carr Canyon in the Huachuca Mts.
EURASIAN COLLARED-DOVE (Streptopelia decaocto) [I]


Once again we had the much sought-after Spotted Owl on two consecutive days, giving everyone in the group super views of this prized bird! (Photo by guide Dave Stejskal)

WHITE-WINGED DOVE (Zenaida asiatica)
MOURNING DOVE (Zenaida macroura)
INCA DOVE (Columbina inca) – A single bird in the town park at Patagonia during a picnic lunch there. This one has gotten quite scarce in s. AZ in recent years.
Cuculidae (Cuckoos)
GREATER ROADRUNNER (Geococcyx californianus) – A couple of these big terrestrial cuckoos were seen well early on.
Strigidae (Owls)
FLAMMULATED OWL (Otus flammeolus) – This one took some work! Finally, after a lot of scurrying on our part along the road and just off of it, we all finally came away with looks at this seldom-seen species on the west side of the Chiricahua Mts. This one is now the only member of the genus Otus in the New World, with all of the other 'screech-owls' in the New World being placed in the genus Megascops.
WESTERN SCREECH-OWL (Megascops kennicottii) – Although this one came into view a little farther away than I would have liked, we still had fabulous looks of it out in the open in a short mesquite near Madera Canyon. This bird typically occupies much more open habitats at much lower elevations than the next species. The call is the best way to separate the two of them when you can't discern bill color (black in Western, green in Whiskered).
WHISKERED SCREECH-OWL (Megascops trichopsis) – We had no trouble with this common screech-owl on our first night after our picnic dinner! We heard at least three pairs of these small owls sounding off after the sun set and it was just a matter of time before we had a couple of them in the light for smashing views. Typically found in mixed oak/conifer woodland, but it can be found much higher in pine/fir communities.
GREAT HORNED OWL (Bubo virginianus) – One of these standing out in the middle of the road on our way out of the Chiricahuas that second night sure was a surprise! I really thought it was going to be a jackrabbit or something.
NORTHERN PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium gnoma) – While the rest of the group was up Scheelite Canyon with Ted looking at Spotted Owl, Mo was busy finding this little guy at an active nest hole a little farther up the road! It took no time at all to relocate it for the whole group after the hikers descended. This race, G.g. gnoma, sounds quite different from the birds in the Rocky Mts. (G.g. pinicola) and the birds of the West Coast (G.g. californicum). Though it's been suggested for many years, the definitive work hasn't been published to split these forms as separate species. If it does get split, this one will be known as the Mountain Pygmy-Owl. [N]
ELF OWL (Micrathene whitneyi) – We had to do a little walking to get our looks at this tiny owl after dinner on the first night, but we came away with super views! This species, the smallest owl in the world, is very common at this elevation, mostly because there are so many available insects to feed upon and because there are so many potential nesting cavities to choose from.
SPOTTED OWL (Strix occidentalis) – Easily found by Ted up in Scheelite Canyon for most of the group this year, with others catching up with the lower bird in Miller Canyon the following day. It sure is nice to have a couple of places to look for this prize! The race here, S.o. lucida, otherwise known as "Mexican" Spotted Owl, seems to be in much better shape than the two races along the West Coast of N. America. Nearly every wooded canyon at the right elevation in the mountains of AZ has a pair or two of these birds.
Caprimulgidae (Nightjars and Allies)
LESSER NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles acutipennis) – We saw one of these southwestern specialties flying around the road and the picnic site on our first evening together. This species tends to be silent in flight and feeds much lower to the ground than the similar Common Nighthawk.


Though not much bigger than some of the small Passerines it hunts, the Northern Pygmy-Owl is one fierce little bird. We had great looks at this one at an active nest hole in Scheelite Canyon. (Photo by guide Dave Stejskal)

COMMON POORWILL (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) – Flushed from the ground during the daytime for a few folks on the hike up Scheelite Canyon and then seen very well in the light along the lower Miller Canyon Rd. after dinner one night for the rest of the group. A much shorter tail, grayer plumage overall, and a very different voice separate this one from the recently split Mexican Whip-poor-will.
MEXICAN WHIP-POOR-WILL (Caprimulgus arizonae arizonae) – We never did have this one very close during the tour, but we sure heard a lot of these as we searched for the Flammulated Owl in the Chiricahuas. A recent split from the Eastern Whip-poor-will. [*]
Apodidae (Swifts)
WHITE-THROATED SWIFT (Aeronautes saxatalis) – As far as is known, this is the only breeding swift species in the state.
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)
MAGNIFICENT HUMMINGBIRD (Eugenes fulgens) – Great looks at this big hummer in both Madera and in Miller canyons.
BLUE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD (Lampornis clemenciae) – At least one of these big hummers was coming in infrequently to the feeders in Miller Canyon.
BLACK-CHINNED HUMMINGBIRD (Archilochus alexandri) – Probably the most common and widespread of the many hummingbird species in s.e. AZ at this season.
ANNA'S HUMMINGBIRD (Calypte anna) – A gorgeous male at the Paton's feeders in Patagonia was quite a sight!
BROAD-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Selasphorus platycercus) – This species was quite widespread on the tour in the highlands, but we saw most of them at the Miller Canyon feeders.
BROAD-BILLED HUMMINGBIRD (Cynanthus latirostris) – This one rivals the Black-chinned Hummingbird in abundance in the lower to mid-elevation riparian habitats here.
VIOLET-CROWNED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia violiceps) – It didn't take much of a wait before one of these very distinctive hummers came in for a drink to the Paton's feeders in Patagonia.
WHITE-EARED HUMMINGBIRD (Hylocharis leucotis) – This rarity showed up at the feeders in Madera Canyon right after I left to go park the van! It took a little while before it showed up again after I rejoined the group, but it was worth the wait!
Trogonidae (Trogons)
ELEGANT TROGON (Trogon elegans) – Those of us who didn't hike up Scheelite Canyon got a brief look at a calling male along the road above the trailhead before he disappeared over a ridge.
Picidae (Woodpeckers)
ACORN WOODPECKER (Melanerpes formicivorus) – Every day in the oaks.
GILA WOODPECKER (Melanerpes uropygialis) – The common woodpecker of the lowlands along our route.
LADDER-BACKED WOODPECKER (Picoides scalaris)
HAIRY WOODPECKER (Picoides villosus) [*]
ARIZONA WOODPECKER (Picoides arizonae) – There were more of these local woodpeckers around this year than I've ever seen on any prior AZ tour before. [N]
NORTHERN FLICKER (RED-SHAFTED) (Colaptes auratus cafer)
GILDED FLICKER (Colaptes chrysoides) – After a mad dash to look for this local woodpecker west of Tucson, we came away with a distant call only. [*]
Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers)
NORTHERN BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET (Camptostoma imberbe) – Great views of a curious bird at the roadside rest area near Patagonia on our final afternoon.
OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER (Contopus cooperi) – Upper Carr Canyon is always a great place to see this migrant at this season.
GREATER PEWEE (Contopus pertinax) – We found this mostly tropical species with relative ease in upper Carr Canyon. Formerly known as the Coues's Flycatcher.
WESTERN WOOD-PEWEE (Contopus sordidulus)
HAMMOND'S FLYCATCHER (Empidonax hammondii) – There were still a few of these coming through the oak zone on this tour, but numbers had dried up to nothing by the time my last AZ tour started on the 18th.
GRAY FLYCATCHER (Empidonax wrightii) – Another late migrant.
CORDILLERAN FLYCATCHER (Empidonax occidentalis) – These birds were now on territory after having very recently arrived from the wintering grounds in W. Mexico.
BUFF-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Empidonax fulvifrons) – This s.e. AZ specialty has enjoyed a recent rebound in its numbers and its range within the state.
SAY'S PHOEBE (Sayornis saya)
VERMILION FLYCATCHER (Pyrocephalus rubinus) – There's nothing else like it in the huge world of flycatchers!
DUSKY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tuberculifer) – This widespread tropical species occurs all of the way south to w. Argentina.
ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus cinerascens) – Usually in drier habitats than the other two regular Myiarchus flycatchers.
BROWN-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tyrannulus) – This is the largest of the Myiarchus flycatchers in N. America.
CASSIN'S KINGBIRD (Tyrannus vociferans) – Common at slightly higher elevations than the similar Western Kingbird.
THICK-BILLED KINGBIRD (Tyrannus crassirostris) – I had almost given up on this specialty kingbird at Patagonia but he finally redeemed himself!
WESTERN KINGBIRD (Tyrannus verticalis)
Laniidae (Shrikes)
LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE (Lanius ludovicianus)
Vireonidae (Vireos)
PLUMBEOUS VIREO (Vireo plumbeus) – The occupied nest in that dead shrub next to the road in upper Carr Canyon was great to see! [N]
CASSIN'S VIREO (Vireo cassinii) – Another latish migrant headed northwest.
HUTTON'S VIREO (Vireo huttoni)
WARBLING VIREO (Vireo gilvus)
Corvidae (Crows, Jays, and Magpies)
STELLER'S JAY (Cyanocitta stelleri) – All eventually caught up with this distinctive Western species at upper Carr Canyon.
WESTERN SCRUB-JAY (WOODHOUSE'S) (Aphelocoma californica woodhouseii) – Watch for a split in this species soon, with the interior Western birds being separated from the Pacific coastal slope races. Ours will be called the Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay.
MEXICAN JAY (Aphelocoma wollweberi) – Formerly called the Gray-breasted Jay.
CHIHUAHUAN RAVEN (Corvus cryptoleucus) – From the van for some in the Sulphur Springs Valley.
COMMON RAVEN (Corvus corax)
Alaudidae (Larks)
HORNED LARK (Eremophila alpestris)
Hirundinidae (Swallows)
NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW (Tachycineta thalassina)
BARN SWALLOW (Hirundo rustica)
CLIFF SWALLOW (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) [N]
Paridae (Chickadees and Tits)
MEXICAN CHICKADEE (Poecile sclateri) – We were very fortunate to see this one so well on the w. side of the Chiricahua Mts. just before our picnic dinner there. The Chiricahuas are effectively the only place where you can see this species in the U.S.
BRIDLED TITMOUSE (Baeolophus wollweberi) – Lots of good looks at this cutie!
Aegithalidae (Long-tailed Tits)
BUSHTIT (Psaltriparus minimus) – These interior birds have a brown ear and a gray crown - just the reverse of the pattern on the West Coast.
Sittidae (Nuthatches)
WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH (Sitta carolinensis) – Another species ripe for a split, so keep track of where you see them!
Troglodytidae (Wrens)
CACTUS WREN (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) – Great looks on our last stop west of Tucson.
CANYON WREN (Catherpes mexicanus) [*]
BEWICK'S WREN (Thryomanes bewickii)
HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon)
Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers)
BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER (Polioptila caerulea)
BLACK-TAILED GNATCATCHER (Polioptila melanura) – Excellent views at our first stop on the first afternoon of the tour.
Turdidae (Thrushes and Allies)


A Plumbeous Vireo peers over the rim of its beautifully woven nest in the upper Carr Canyon. (Photo by guide Dave Stejskal)

SWAINSON'S THRUSH (Catharus ustulatus) – We had decent views of a close migrant in Ramsey Canyon one afternoon.
HERMIT THRUSH (Catharus guttatus) – A wonderful songster!
AMERICAN ROBIN (Turdus migratorius)
Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers)
NORTHERN MOCKINGBIRD (Mimus polyglottos)
BENDIRE'S THRASHER (Toxostoma bendirei) – A couple of close birds in the Sulphur Springs Valley had us scratching our heads for a bit.
CURVE-BILLED THRASHER (Toxostoma curvirostre)
Sturnidae (Starlings)
EUROPEAN STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris) [I]
Ptilogonatidae (Silky-flycatchers)
PHAINOPEPLA (Phainopepla nitens) – We didn't run into this unmistakable bird until the final day.
Parulidae (New World Warblers)
ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER (Oreothlypis celata) – We had a late migrant at the water feature up at the feeders in Miller Canyon.
LUCY'S WARBLER (Oreothlypis luciae)
VIRGINIA'S WARBLER (Oreothlypis virginiae) – Talk about giving us the run-around! A few of us may have gotten a countable look at this furtive bird in Carr Canyon.
MACGILLIVRAY'S WARBLER (Geothlypis tolmiei) – In Scheelite Canyon for some folks. This species seemed to be particularly uncommon this spring.
COMMON YELLOWTHROAT (Geothlypis trichas)
AMERICAN REDSTART (Setophaga ruticilla) – My best guess on the i.d. of the bird heard singing that first afternoon. [*]
YELLOW WARBLER (Setophaga petechia) [*]
YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER (AUDUBON'S) (Setophaga coronata auduboni) – Watch for a split of this one into at least two, maybe three, species. Looks like it's back to the old Myrtle & Audubon's warblers.
GRACE'S WARBLER (Setophaga graciae) – Pretty much a pine obligate in its range in the Southwestern mountains.
BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER (Setophaga nigrescens) – One of the most common warbler voices in the oak zone of the mountains here.
TOWNSEND'S WARBLER (Setophaga townsendi) – The numbers of this migrant species had really dwindled in the Huachucas since my last tour a week earlier.
WILSON'S WARBLER (Cardellina pusilla) – All of these birds were migrants headed farther north; they're not known to breed in AZ.
RED-FACED WARBLER (Cardellina rubrifrons) – Excellent looks at this gorgeous Southwestern specialty warbler in the canyons of the Huachuca Mts.
PAINTED REDSTART (Myioborus pictus) – We watched one adult bird bringing food to an unseen nest under a culvert up in Madera Canyon on the first afternoon. One of my all-time favorites in AZ! [N]
YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT (Icteria virens) – Nicely at the Paton's feeders in Patagonia on the last day.
Emberizidae (Buntings, Sparrows and Allies)
SPOTTED TOWHEE (Pipilo maculatus)
RUFOUS-CROWNED SPARROW (Aimophila ruficeps)
CANYON TOWHEE (Melozone fusca)
ABERT'S TOWHEE (Melozone aberti) – Great views on the last day at the Paton's feeders. The world range of this species is almost entirely restricted to AZ.
RUFOUS-WINGED SPARROW (Peucaea carpalis) – A nice find on the first afternoon of the tour.
BOTTERI'S SPARROW (Peucaea botterii) – This species behaved very nicely for us on the first afternoon near Madera Canyon and also on the last morning at the mouth of Carr Canyon.
CHIPPING SPARROW (Spizella passerina)
BREWER'S SPARROW (Spizella breweri) – A couple of late birds in the grasslands near Sonoita on the final day.
LARK SPARROW (Chondestes grammacus)
BLACK-THROATED SPARROW (Amphispiza bilineata) – Beautiful!
GRASSHOPPER SPARROW (Ammodramus savannarum) – Nice views in the Sonoita Grasslands.
SONG SPARROW (Melospiza melodia)
WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW (MOUNTAIN) (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) – Most of the birds we saw at Whitewater Draw were this Rocky Mountain race, which is typically the last race to pass through the state in May.
WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW (GAMBEL'S) (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) – At least one bird lingered at Whitewater Draw.
YELLOW-EYED JUNCO (Junco phaeonotus) – Singing and conspicuous in upper Carr Canyon.
Cardinalidae (Cardinals and Allies)
HEPATIC TANAGER (Piranga flava) – This and the next two species of 'tanager' have recently been found to be much more closely related to the Pheucticus grosbeaks than they are to any of the typical 'tanagers' in the New World tropics - that's why their songs are so confusing to me!
SUMMER TANAGER (Piranga rubra)
WESTERN TANAGER (Piranga ludoviciana)
NORTHERN CARDINAL (Cardinalis cardinalis) [*]
PYRRHULOXIA (Cardinalis sinuatus) – A pair of these beautiful birds was mostly cooperative for us at our first stop on the first afternoon of the tour.
ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK (Pheucticus ludovicianus) – A gorgeous male on the first afternoon at the feeders in Madera Canyon was nice. This one's a rare migrant here.


This pale desert form of Eastern Meadowlark is sometimes treated as a separate species, Lilian's Meadowlark. We had some great looks in the Sonoita Grasslands. (Photo by guide Dave Stejskal)

BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
LAZULI BUNTING (Passerina amoena) – It was getting late for this one.
Icteridae (Troupials and Allies)
RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD (Agelaius phoeniceus)
EASTERN MEADOWLARK (LILIAN'S) (Sturnella magna lilianae) – You couldn't have asked for better looks at this one than we had in the Sonoita Grasslands.
YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) – A female at the Paton's feeders in Patagonia on the last day was a surprise.
GREAT-TAILED GRACKLE (Quiscalus mexicanus)
BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD (Molothrus ater)
HOODED ORIOLE (Icterus cucullatus) – The pair above the feeders in Madera sure gave us some great looks!
BULLOCK'S ORIOLE (Icterus bullockii)
Fringillidae (Siskins, Crossbills, and Allies)
HOUSE FINCH (Carpodacus mexicanus)
LESSER GOLDFINCH (Spinus psaltria)
Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)
HOUSE SPARROW (Passer domesticus)

MAMMALS
DESERT COTTONTAIL (Sylvilagus audubonii) – The only cottontail in the hot, low deserts.
LEAST CHIPMUNK (Tamias minimus) – I never did see this one, but Ted is sure that the chipmunks in the Huachucas are this species. Historically, chipmunks of any species were unknown from this range until very recently.
ROCK SQUIRREL (Spermophilus variegatus) – This and the White-tailed Deer were our most commonly encountered mammals on this tour.
ROUND-TAILED GROUND SQUIRREL (Spermophilus tereticaudus) – In Tucson on our first afternoon.
ARIZONA GRAY SQUIRREL (Sciurus arizonensis) – The only Sciurus in the Huachuca Mts.
COLLARED PECCARY (Tayassu tajacu) – I think the only ones to glimpse this one on the side of the road as we drove back to Sierra Vista that second night were the two people in the front seat.
WHITE-TAILED DEER (Odocoileus virginianus) – This race, the Coues's White-tailed Deer, is the second smallest race in the U.S. ("Key" Deer is smaller)
PRONGHORN (Antilocapra americana) – A couple of sightings of this one; it's the only member of the family and the family is endemic to N. America.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS


Totals for the tour: 149 bird taxa and 8 mammal taxa