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The endangered Black-fronted Piping-Guan is one of the signature birds of the Atlantic Forest. Photo by participants David and Sue Wright.
When we came up with the name "Nutshell" for this tour a few years ago, it had a double meaning: a play on the name of the well-known (and mighty tasty) Brazil nut as well as a harkening to the phrase "that's it in a nutshell", because, well, it IS Brazil in a nutshell -- a relatively short, but very productive, introduction to some of the amazing habitats found in this huge country.
We started our tour at Intervales State Park, a lovely natural area only a few hours outside of Cuiabá. Although mostly cloaked in Atlantic Forest -- a fast-dwindling biome, fragments of which now contain some of the world's rarest birds -- the hilly park also contains some attractive wet spots and a few open areas. We had so many highlights here that it's hard to know where to start! Furtive Red-and-white Crakes darted out from surrounding reeds to gobble quick mouthfuls of corn. A tiny, confiding Spotted Bamboowren crept through a bamboo stand nearly at arm's length. A pair of Blue-bellied Parrots peered down at us, whistling their surprisingly musical song. Black-fronted Piping-Guans rummaged in treetops. A Diademed Tanager graced the top of a tree near our lodge. A female Giant Antshrike (and there's an appropriate name, if ever there was one), flicked through scrub near our lodgings, and another did the same along the entrance road. Brazilian Rubies sipped daintily from flowers near the park's research headquarters, and a handsome Black Jacobin did the same near the dining room.
A Slaty Bristlefront bounced back and forth across the trail. A tiny White-breasted Tapaculo crept out onto a mossy log. A Tropical Screech-Owl snoozed mere yards from the park office. A handful of Spot-winged Wood-Quail scuttled through forest undergrowth, drawn by strategically sprinkled corn. Campo Flickers posed on fence posts. Swarms of Maroon-bellied Parakeets descended on fruiting trees. A pair of Large-tailed Antshrikes (which we decided should really be called Starry-night Antshrikes!) slunk through a dense roadside vegetation, occasionally popping into the open. A Saffron Toucanet sat quietly on a sunlit branch. Tiny Ochre-collared Piculets hitched up viny tangles. A White-bearded Antshrike battered a hapless caterpillar to death on a branch. A pair of Rusty-breasted Nunlets chased each other, noisily, through the mid-story of the tall, lush forest. A Hooded Berryeater dazzled us as it moved through a fruiting tree. The mixed species flocks we found here were very nearly overwhelming, as tanagers, foliage-gleaners, flycatchers, woodcreepers, and more swarmed past.
From there, we moved on to the very western edge of Brazil, to mighty Iguazu Falls, surely one of the wonders of the natural world. An early morning visit to the Devil's Throat -- with the newly risen sun sparkling on the vast wateriness of the myriad falls, and the spume of the massive falls rising into the air -- was made even more special by the fact that we were the only ones there, admitted more than 90 minutes earlier than any other visitor. Here too, the birds provided great entertainment. A handful of Great Dusky Swifts zoomed past to disappear among the fall's mist, and hundreds fluttered overhead as dusk approached. Inquisitive Plush-crested Jays followed us down paths. Flocks of Toco Toucans flapped heavily out over the water, headed for night roosts. A pair of Swallow Tanagers glowed in early morning sunshine. At a hummingbird garden in one Argentinian town (with comfortable seating!), we ogled dozens of sparkling visitors, including the tour's only Planalto Hermits, Black-throated Mangoes, and Gilded Hummingbirds, plus a gorgeous Swallow-tailed Hummingbird. An aptly-named Robust Woodpecker hammered challenges from a roadside tree. We spent an entire day on a (silent!) electric tram, traversing a narrow path through the forest on the Brazilian side of the falls, finding plenty of specialty birds en-route: a pair of Spot-billed Toucans jumped through fruiting trees; Southern Bristle-Tyrants and a tiny Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher twitched overhead; a Sharpbill interrupted our mid-point snack; A male Band-tailed Manakin flicked through the canopy, as did a showy male Swallow-tailed Manakin; with much patience and considerable effort, we ventured off the trail to track down a singing Short-tailed Antthrush; a pair of Southern Antpipits circled around us; and many more species entertained us as we worked our way down to the river.
We finished our adventure in the vast, watery Pantanal -- flat, largely unpopulated and pocked with countless ponds, lakes, puddles, streams, and rivers. We spent much of our time here in boats, skimming over lakes and along rivers. An Azure Gallinule tiptoed through the water hyacinth. Whistling Herons demonstrated how they earned their names, whistling loudly from treetops. A fuzzy young Rufescent Tiger-Heron swayed on its nest, staring down its nose at us. A Blue-throated Piping-Guan perched on a treetop, its indigo throat wattle glowing in the sun. A Sungrebe paddled quickly under the protection of overhanging branches. A Black-backed Water-Tyrant flicked through stream-side bushes. Amazon and Ringed kingfishers abounded -- and a point-blank Green-and-rufous Kingfisher sat on its eye-level perch while we drifted past. A Black-collared Hawk snatched thrown piranhas from the air. Black-fronted Nunbirds made repeated sallies out over the water. Trickles of Band-tailed Nighthawks flowed past as dusk fell, while a pod (pack? herd?) of Capybaras -- including some rather small ones -- paddled along beside our boats.
Our land-based outings were equally productive. A pair of stately Jabirus panted on their huge stick nest. Chunky Southern Screamers made their presence known in the marshy meadow near our lodge. Plumbeous Ibis poked and prodded in wet roadside fields. A White Woodpecker paused in the open in an eye-level bush. A pair of Hyacinth Macaws huddled in a shady patch near their nest box, looking sleepy. Chaco Chachalacas haggled over feeder provisions, sparring with each other and dozens of Yellow-billed Cardinals. A Little Woodpecker excavated a nest hole right over the boat launch. Two Great Rufous Woodcreepers chased each other through the trees. Guira Cuckoos rummaged in the grass, with one catching (and bashing to death) a small snake as we watched. A male Blue-crowned Trogon scanned the surrounding vegetation for tasty morsels. And who will soon forget that massive cattle drive, with four fully-covered cowboys (in that heat!) pushing a mooing mob of gray-white Brahman cattle down dusty Transpantaneira in front of our bus?
Thanks so much for joining Marcelo and me for the ride; it was such fun sharing all the birds and meals and stories and more with you all. We hope to see you again on another adventure soon!
-- Megan
KEYS FOR THIS LIST
One of the following keys may be shown in brackets for individual species as appropriate: * = heard only, I = introduced, E = endemic, N = nesting, a = austral migrant, b = boreal migrant
Southern Screamers made themselves known in the marshy fields near the Posada Piuval. Video by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
Rheidae (Rheas)
GREATER RHEA (Rhea americana)
Anhimidae (Screamers)
SOUTHERN SCREAMER (Chauna torquata)
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl)
WHITE-FACED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna viduata)
BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna autumnalis)
MUSCOVY DUCK (Cairina moschata)
BRAZILIAN TEAL (Amazonetta brasiliensis)
Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows)
CHACO CHACHALACA (Ortalis canicollis)

We found the huge nest of a massive pair of Jabiru in the Pantanal. Photo by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
DUSKY-LEGGED GUAN (Penelope obscura)
CHESTNUT-BELLIED GUAN (Penelope ochrogaster)
BLUE-THROATED PIPING-GUAN (Pipile cumanensis)
RED-THROATED PIPING-GUAN (Pipile cujubi)
BLACK-FRONTED PIPING-GUAN (Pipile jacutinga) [E]
BARE-FACED CURASSOW (Crax fasciolata)
Odontophoridae (New World Quail)
SPOT-WINGED WOOD-QUAIL (Odontophorus capueira) [E]
Ciconiidae (Storks)
JABIRU (Jabiru mycteria) [N]
Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants and Shags)
NEOTROPIC CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)
Anhingidae (Anhingas)
ANHINGA (Anhinga anhinga)
Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns)
ZIGZAG HERON (Zebrilus undulatus) [*]
LEAST BITTERN (Ixobrychus exilis)
RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma lineatum) [N]
COCOI HERON (Ardea cocoi)
GREAT EGRET (Ardea alba)
SNOWY EGRET (Egretta thula)
LITTLE BLUE HERON (Egretta caerulea)
CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis)
STRIATED HERON (Butorides striata)
WHISTLING HERON (Syrigma sibilatrix)
CAPPED HERON (Pilherodius pileatus)

The constant, throaty roar of Iguazu Falls -- which was running well above its average volume during our tour -- was astonishing. Photo by participant Bonnie Schwartz.
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nycticorax nycticorax)
Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)
GREEN IBIS (Mesembrinibis cayennensis)
BARE-FACED IBIS (Phimosus infuscatus)
PLUMBEOUS IBIS (Theristicus caerulescens)
BUFF-NECKED IBIS (Theristicus caudatus)
ROSEATE SPOONBILL (Platalea ajaja)
Cathartidae (New World Vultures)
BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus)
TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura)
LESSER YELLOW-HEADED VULTURE (Cathartes burrovianus)

We had a wonderful look at Rufous-and-green Kingfisher along the Rio Claro. This is probably the scarcest of the New World kingfishers. Photo by participant Liz Rohde.
Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
GRAY-HEADED KITE (Leptodon cayanensis)
BLACK HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus tyrannus)
BLACK-COLLARED HAWK (Busarellus nigricollis)
SNAIL KITE (Rostrhamus sociabilis)
CRANE HAWK (BANDED) (Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis)
SAVANNA HAWK (Buteogallus meridionalis)
GREAT BLACK HAWK (Buteogallus urubitinga)
ROADSIDE HAWK (Rupornis magnirostris)
WHITE-TAILED HAWK (Geranoaetus albicaudatus)
MANTLED HAWK (Pseudastur polionotus) [E]
SHORT-TAILED HAWK (Buteo brachyurus)

A Saffron Toucanet, lit by a sunbeam, glows against the greenery. Photo by guide Marcelo Padua.
Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, and Coots)
GRAY-BREASTED CRAKE (Laterallus exilis)
RED-AND-WHITE CRAKE (Laterallus leucopyrrhus)
GRAY-COWLED WOOD-RAIL (GRAY-COWLED) (Aramides cajaneus cajaneus)
BLACKISH RAIL (Pardirallus nigricans)
PURPLE GALLINULE (Porphyrio martinicus)
AZURE GALLINULE (Porphyrio flavirostris)
COMMON GALLINULE (Gallinula galeata)
Heliornithidae (Finfoots)
SUNGREBE (Heliornis fulica)
Aramidae (Limpkin)
LIMPKIN (Aramus guarauna)
Charadriidae (Plovers and Lapwings)
PIED LAPWING (Vanellus cayanus)
SOUTHERN LAPWING (Vanellus chilensis)
Jacanidae (Jacanas)
WATTLED JACANA (Jacana jacana)
Scolopacidae (Sandpipers and Allies)
SOLITARY SANDPIPER (Tringa solitaria)
GREATER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa melanoleuca) [b]
Laridae (Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers)
LARGE-BILLED TERN (Phaetusa simplex)
Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves)
ROCK PIGEON (Columba livia) [I]
PALE-VENTED PIGEON (Patagioenas cayennensis)
PICAZURO PIGEON (Patagioenas picazuro)

Southern Lapwings are common in Brazil; we saw them every day of the tour. Photo by participant Charm Peterman.
RUDDY GROUND-DOVE (Columbina talpacoti)
SCALED DOVE (Columbina squammata)
PICUI GROUND-DOVE (Columbina picui)
LONG-TAILED GROUND-DOVE (Uropelia campestris)
WHITE-TIPPED DOVE (Leptotila verreauxi)
EARED DOVE (Zenaida auriculata)
Cuculidae (Cuckoos)
SQUIRREL CUCKOO (Piaya cayana)
GUIRA CUCKOO (Guira guira)
GREATER ANI (Crotophaga major)
SMOOTH-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga ani)
We had great looks at Plumbeous Ibis feeding along the Rio Claro entrance road. Video by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
Strigidae (Owls)
TROPICAL SCREECH-OWL (Megascops choliba)
LONG-TUFTED SCREECH-OWL (Megascops sanctaecatarinae)
GREAT HORNED OWL (Bubo virginianus)
FERRUGINOUS PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium brasilianum)
RUSTY-BARRED OWL (Strix hylophila)
Caprimulgidae (Nightjars and Allies)
BAND-TAILED NIGHTHAWK (Nyctiprogne leucopyga)
COMMON PAURAQUE (Nyctidromus albicollis)
Nyctibiidae (Potoos)
GREAT POTOO (Nyctibius grandis)

This little Common Potoo chick was doing its very best "don't mind me, I'm just a tree stump" imitation. Photo by guide Marcelo Padua.
COMMON POTOO (Nyctibius griseus)
Apodidae (Swifts)
GREAT DUSKY SWIFT (Cypseloides senex) [E]
WHITE-COLLARED SWIFT (Streptoprocne zonaris)
SICK'S SWIFT (Chaetura meridionalis)
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)
BLACK JACOBIN (Florisuga fusca) [E]
RUFOUS-BREASTED HERMIT (Glaucis hirsutus)
DUSKY-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis squalidus)
BUFF-BELLIED HERMIT (Phaethornis subochraceus)
PLANALTO HERMIT (Phaethornis pretrei)
SCALE-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis eurynome) [E]
WHITE-TAILED GOLDENTHROAT (Polytmus guainumbi)
BLACK-THROATED MANGO (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
FRILLED COQUETTE (Lophornis magnificus)
FESTIVE COQUETTE (Lophornis chalybeus)
BRAZILIAN RUBY (Clytolaema rubricauda) [E]
AMETHYST WOODSTAR (Calliphlox amethystina)
SWALLOW-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Eupetomena macroura)
PURPLE-CROWNED PLOVERCREST (Stephanoxis loddigesii)
FORK-TAILED WOODNYMPH (Thalurania furcata)
VIOLET-CAPPED WOODNYMPH (Thalurania glaucopis) [E]
SOMBRE HUMMINGBIRD (Aphantochroa cirrochloris)
VERSICOLORED EMERALD (Amazilia versicolor)
GLITTERING-THROATED EMERALD (Amazilia fimbriata)
SAPPHIRE-SPANGLED EMERALD (Amazilia lactea)

Toco Toucans were particularly common around Iguazu Falls, where we saw dozens flapping across the water to their roost trees in the evening. Photo by participant Pete Peterman.
GILDED HUMMINGBIRD (Hylocharis chrysura)
Trogonidae (Trogons)
GREEN-BACKED TROGON (Trogon viridis)
BLUE-CROWNED TROGON (Trogon curucui)
SURUCUA TROGON (Trogon surrucura) [E]
BLACK-THROATED TROGON (Trogon rufus)
Momotidae (Motmots)
RUFOUS-CAPPED MOTMOT (Baryphthengus ruficapillus) [E]
Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)
RINGED KINGFISHER (Megaceryle torquata)
AMAZON KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle amazona)
GREEN KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle americana)

The Sooty Tyrannulet certainly lives up to its name. Photo by participant Pete Peterman.
GREEN-AND-RUFOUS KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle inda)
Bucconidae (Puffbirds)
RUSTY-BREASTED NUNLET (Nonnula rubecula)
BLACK-FRONTED NUNBIRD (Monasa nigrifrons)
Galbulidae (Jacamars)
RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR (Galbula ruficauda)
Ramphastidae (Toucans)
SAFFRON TOUCANET (Pteroglossus bailloni) [E]
CHESTNUT-EARED ARACARI (Pteroglossus castanotis)
SPOT-BILLED TOUCANET (Selenidera maculirostris) [E]
TOCO TOUCAN (Ramphastos toco)

A male Black-throated Trogon showed nicely along the Poco Preto trail, seen from our tram car. Photo by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
RED-BREASTED TOUCAN (Ramphastos dicolorus) [E]
Picidae (Woodpeckers)
OCHRE-COLLARED PICULET (Picumnus temminckii) [E]
WHITE-WEDGED PICULET (Picumnus albosquamatus)
WHITE WOODPECKER (Melanerpes candidus)
YELLOW-FRONTED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes flavifrons) [E]
WHITE-SPOTTED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis spilogaster) [E]
LITTLE WOODPECKER (Veniliornis passerinus)
WHITE-BROWED WOODPECKER (Piculus aurulentus)
GREEN-BARRED WOODPECKER (Colaptes melanochloros melanochloros)
CAMPO FLICKER (Colaptes campestris)
PALE-CRESTED WOODPECKER (Celeus lugubris)
BLOND-CRESTED WOODPECKER (Celeus flavescens) [E]
CREAM-COLORED WOODPECKER (Celeus flavus)
HELMETED WOODPECKER (Dryocopus galeatus) [E*]
ROBUST WOODPECKER (Campephilus robustus) [E]
Cariamidae (Seriemas)
RED-LEGGED SERIEMA (Cariama cristata)
Falconidae (Falcons and Caracaras)
COLLARED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur semitorquatus)
SOUTHERN CARACARA (Caracara plancus)
YELLOW-HEADED CARACARA (Milvago chimachima)
LAUGHING FALCON (Herpetotheres cachinnans)
AMERICAN KESTREL (Falco sparverius)
APLOMADO FALCON (Falco femoralis)
BAT FALCON (Falco rufigularis)
PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus)
Psittacidae (New World and African Parrots)
MONK PARAKEET (Myiopsitta monachus)
PLAIN PARAKEET (Brotogeris tirica) [E]
YELLOW-CHEVRONED PARAKEET (Brotogeris chiriri)
PILEATED PARROT (Pionopsitta pileata) [E]
BLUE-BELLIED PARROT (Triclaria malachitacea)
SCALY-HEADED PARROT (Pionus maximiliani)
TURQUOISE-FRONTED PARROT (Amazona aestiva)
ORANGE-WINGED PARROT (Amazona amazonica)
MAROON-BELLIED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura frontalis)
HYACINTH MACAW (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)
PEACH-FRONTED PARAKEET (Eupsittula aurea)

The Devil's Throat is surely one of the most amazing of waterfalls -- a narrow cleft where the water vanishes literally beneath your feet! Photo by participant Bonnie Schwartz.
NANDAY PARAKEET (Aratinga nenday)
YELLOW-COLLARED MACAW (Primolius auricollis)
BLUE-CROWNED PARAKEET (Thectocercus acuticaudatus)
WHITE-EYED PARAKEET (Psittacara leucophthalmus)
Thamnophilidae (Typical Antbirds)
SPOT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE (Hypoedaleus guttatus) [E]
GIANT ANTSHRIKE (Batara cinerea)
LARGE-TAILED ANTSHRIKE (Mackenziaena leachii) [E]
TUFTED ANTSHRIKE (Mackenziaena severa) [E]
GREAT ANTSHRIKE (Taraba major)
WHITE-BEARDED ANTSHRIKE (Biatas nigropectus) [E]
BARRED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus doliatus)
PLANALTO SLATY-ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus pelzelni)

Hyacinth Macaw, the largest parrot species in the world, is among the Pantanal's most iconic species. Photo by participant Charm Peterman.
VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus caerulescens)
STAR-THROATED ANTWREN (Rhopias gularis) [E]
SPOT-BREASTED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus stictothorax) [E]
PLAIN ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus mentalis)
LARGE-BILLED ANTWREN (Herpsilochmus longirostris)
RUFOUS-WINGED ANTWREN (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus)
BLACK-BELLIED ANTWREN (Formicivora melanogaster)
RUSTY-BACKED ANTWREN (Formicivora rufa)
FERRUGINOUS ANTBIRD (Drymophila ferruginea) [E]
BERTONI'S ANTBIRD (Drymophila rubricollis) [E]
OCHRE-RUMPED ANTBIRD (Drymophila ochropyga) [E]
DUSKY-TAILED ANTBIRD (Drymophila malura)
STREAK-CAPPED ANTWREN (Terenura maculata) [E]
MATO GROSSO ANTBIRD (Cercomacra melanaria)
WHITE-SHOULDERED FIRE-EYE (Pyriglena leucoptera) [E]
SQUAMATE ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza squamosa)
Conopophagidae (Gnateaters)
RUFOUS GNATEATER (Conopophaga lineata)
Rhinocryptidae (Tapaculos)
SPOTTED BAMBOOWREN (Psilorhamphus guttatus)
SLATY BRISTLEFRONT (Merulaxis ater) [E]
WHITE-BREASTED TAPACULO (Eleoscytalopus indigoticus)
MOUSE-COLORED TAPACULO (Scytalopus speluncae) [E]
Formicariidae (Antthrushes)
SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza campanisona)
SUCH'S ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza meruloides) [E*]
Furnariidae (Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers)
RUFOUS-BREASTED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus scansor) [E]
OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER (OLIVACEOUS) (Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus) [E]
PLANALTO WOODCREEPER (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris)
GREAT RUFOUS WOODCREEPER (Xiphocolaptes major)
LESSER WOODCREEPER (LESSER) (Xiphorhynchus fuscus fuscus) [E]
BUFF-THROATED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus guttatus)
STRAIGHT-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Dendroplex picus)
RED-BILLED SCYTHEBILL (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris)
BLACK-BILLED SCYTHEBILL (Campylorhamphus falcularius) [E]
NARROW-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes angustirostris)
SCALLOPED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes falcinellus) [E]
STREAKED XENOPS (Xenops rutilans)

The Rufous-bellied Thrush has been recorded eating 28 species of fruit -- including bananas, obviously! Photo by guide Megan Crewe.
PALE-LEGGED HORNERO (Furnarius leucopus)
RUFOUS HORNERO (Furnarius rufus)
SHARP-TAILED STREAMCREEPER (Lochmias nematura nematura)
WHITE-COLLARED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabazenops fuscus) [E]
SHARP-BILLED TREEHUNTER (Heliobletus contaminatus) [E]
BLACK-CAPPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor atricapillus) [E]
BUFF-FRONTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor rufum)
WHITE-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabacerthia amaurotis) [E]
OCHRE-BREASTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabacerthia lichtensteini) [E]
BUFF-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Syndactyla rufosuperciliata)
WHITE-EYED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus leucophthalmus) [E]
RUFOUS-FRONTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus rufifrons)
GREATER THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus ruber)
ORANGE-BREASTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus ferrugineigula)
RUSTY-BACKED SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca vulpina)

A White Woodpecker right beside the Transpantaneira was among the highlights of one morning's outing on the Pantanal. Photo by participants David and Sue Wright.
PALLID SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca pallida) [E]
RUFOUS CACHOLOTE (Pseudoseisura unirufa)
CHOTOY SPINETAIL (Schoeniophylax phryganophilus)
YELLOW-CHINNED SPINETAIL (Certhiaxis cinnamomeus)
RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis ruficapilla)
SOOTY-FRONTED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis frontalis)
CINEREOUS-BREASTED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis hypospodia)
WHITE-LORED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis albilora)
Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers)
SOUTHERN BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET (Camptostoma obsoletum)
SUIRIRI FLYCATCHER (Suiriri suiriri affinis)
YELLOW TYRANNULET (Capsiempis flaveola)
FOREST ELAENIA (Myiopagis gaimardii)
GRAY ELAENIA (Myiopagis caniceps)
GREENISH ELAENIA (Myiopagis viridicata)
SMALL-BILLED ELAENIA (Elaenia parvirostris)
HIGHLAND ELAENIA (Elaenia obscura)
SOOTY TYRANNULET (Serpophaga nigricans)
GRAY-HOODED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes rufiventris) [E]
SEPIA-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Leptopogon amaurocephalus)
SOUTHERN BRISTLE-TYRANT (Phylloscartes eximius) [E]
MOTTLE-CHEEKED TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes ventralis)
SAO PAULO TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes paulista) [E]
OUSTALET'S TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes oustaleti)
BAY-RINGED TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes sylviolus) [E]
PLANALTO TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias fasciatus)
GRAY-CAPPED TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias griseocapilla) [E]
PLAIN TYRANNULET (Inezia inornata)
SOUTHERN ANTPIPIT (Corythopis delalandi)
EARED PYGMY-TYRANT (Myiornis auricularis) [E]
HANGNEST TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus nidipendulus) [E]
PEARLY-VENTED TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer)
RUSTY-FRONTED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Poecilotriccus latirostris)
GRAY-HEADED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum poliocephalum) [E]
COMMON TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum cinereum)
YELLOW-OLIVE FLYCATCHER (MATO GROSSO) (Tolmomyias sulphurescens pallescens)

Guira Cuckoos were common around the Posada Piuval, hunting snakes and lizards. Photo by participants David and Sue Wright.
YELLOW-OLIVE FLYCATCHER (SOORETAMA) (Tolmomyias sulphurescens sulphurescens)
WHITE-THROATED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus mystaceus)
RUSSET-WINGED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus leucoryphus) [E]
CLIFF FLYCATCHER (Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa)
BLACK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Myiobius atricaudus)
BRAN-COLORED FLYCATCHER (Myiophobus fasciatus)
EULER'S FLYCATCHER (EULER'S) (Lathrotriccus euleri euleri)
FUSCOUS FLYCATCHER (Cnemotriccus fuscatus)
WHITE-RUMPED MONJITA (Xolmis velatus)
STREAMER-TAILED TYRANT (Gubernetes yetapa)
BLACK-BACKED WATER-TYRANT (Fluvicola albiventer)
MASKED WATER-TYRANT (Fluvicola nengeta)
CATTLE TYRANT (Machetornis rixosa)

Short-crested Flycatcher was just one of the many, MANY flycatchers we found on this tour. Photo by participant Pete Peterman.
LARGE-HEADED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon megacephalum)
GRAY-HOODED ATTILA (Attila rufus) [E]
SIBILANT SIRYSTES (Sirystes sibilator sibilator)
RUFOUS CASIORNIS (Casiornis rufus)
SWAINSON'S FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus swainsoni)
SHORT-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus ferox)
LESSER KISKADEE (Pitangus lictor)
GREAT KISKADEE (Pitangus sulphuratus)
BOAT-BILLED FLYCATCHER (Megarynchus pitangua)
RUSTY-MARGINED FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes cayanensis)
SOCIAL FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes similis)
THREE-STRIPED FLYCATCHER (Conopias trivirgatus)
STREAKED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes maculatus)
PIRATIC FLYCATCHER (Legatus leucophaius)
VARIEGATED FLYCATCHER (Empidonomus varius)
TROPICAL KINGBIRD (Tyrannus melancholicus)
FORK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Tyrannus savana)
Oxyruncidae (Sharpbill)
SHARPBILL (Oxyruncus cristatus)
Cotingidae (Cotingas)
HOODED BERRYEATER (Carpornis cucullata)
CINNAMON-VENTED PIHA (Lipaugus lanioides)
BARE-THROATED BELLBIRD (Procnias nudicollis)
Pipridae (Manakins)
SERRA DO MAR TYRANT-MANAKIN (Neopelma chrysolophum) [E]
SWALLOW-TAILED MANAKIN (Chiroxiphia caudata) [E]
PIN-TAILED MANAKIN (Ilicura militaris) [E]
BAND-TAILED MANAKIN (Pipra fasciicauda)
WING-BARRED PIPRITES (Piprites chloris)
Tityridae (Tityras and Allies)
BLACK-TAILED TITYRA (Tityra cayana)
BLACK-CROWNED TITYRA (Tityra inquisitor)
GREENISH SCHIFFORNIS (Schiffornis virescens) [E]
GREEN-BACKED BECARD (Pachyramphus viridis)
CHESTNUT-CROWNED BECARD (Pachyramphus castaneus)
This Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper was a feisty little thing, belting out his song along the Carmo Road. Video by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
WHITE-WINGED BECARD (Pachyramphus polychopterus)
CRESTED BECARD (Pachyramphus validus)
Vireonidae (Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis)
RED-EYED VIREO (MIGRATORY CHIVI) (Vireo olivaceus chivi)
RUFOUS-CROWNED GREENLET (Hylophilus poicilotis) [E]
ASHY-HEADED GREENLET (Hylophilus pectoralis)
RUFOUS-BROWED PEPPERSHRIKE (Cyclarhis gujanensis)
Corvidae (Crows, Jays, and Magpies)
PURPLISH JAY (Cyanocorax cyanomelas)
PLUSH-CRESTED JAY (Cyanocorax chrysops)
Hirundinidae (Swallows)
BLUE-AND-WHITE SWALLOW (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca)
SOUTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis)
GRAY-BREASTED MARTIN (Progne chalybea)
WHITE-WINGED SWALLOW (Tachycineta albiventer)

Plush-crested Jays proved extraordinarily confiding as they followed us hopefully down the paths at Iguazu Falls. Photo by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
Troglodytidae (Wrens)
HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon)
THRUSH-LIKE WREN (Campylorhynchus turdinus)
MOUSTACHED WREN (Pheugopedius genibarbis)
BUFF-BREASTED WREN (Cantorchilus leucotis)
Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers)
LONG-BILLED GNATWREN (Ramphocaenus melanurus)
CREAMY-BELLIED GNATCATCHER (Polioptila lactea) [E]
MASKED GNATCATCHER (Polioptila dumicola)
Donacobiidae (Donacobius)
BLACK-CAPPED DONACOBIUS (Donacobius atricapilla)
Turdidae (Thrushes and Allies)
YELLOW-LEGGED THRUSH (Turdus flavipes)
PALE-BREASTED THRUSH (Turdus leucomelas)
RUFOUS-BELLIED THRUSH (Turdus rufiventris)
WHITE-NECKED THRUSH (Turdus albicollis)
Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers)
CHALK-BROWED MOCKINGBIRD (Mimus saturninus)
Parulidae (New World Warblers)
MASKED YELLOWTHROAT (Geothlypis aequinoctialis)
TROPICAL PARULA (Setophaga pitiayumi)
GOLDEN-CROWNED WARBLER (Basileuterus culicivorus)
FLAVESCENT WARBLER (Myiothlypis flaveola)
WHITE-BROWED WARBLER (Myiothlypis leucoblephara) [E]
RIVERBANK WARBLER (Myiothlypis rivularis)
Thraupidae (Tanagers and Allies)
RED-CRESTED CARDINAL (Paroaria coronata)
YELLOW-BILLED CARDINAL (Paroaria capitata)
MAGPIE TANAGER (Cissopis leverianus)
HOODED TANAGER (Nemosia pileata)
OLIVE-GREEN TANAGER (Orthogonys chloricterus) [E]
BLACK-GOGGLED TANAGER (Trichothraupis melanops)
GRAY-HEADED TANAGER (Eucometis penicillata)
FLAME-CRESTED TANAGER (Tachyphonus cristatus)
RUBY-CROWNED TANAGER (Tachyphonus coronatus) [E]
WHITE-LINED TANAGER (Tachyphonus rufus)
SILVER-BEAKED TANAGER (Ramphocelus carbo)
DIADEMED TANAGER (Stephanophorus diadematus) [E]
SAYACA TANAGER (Thraupis sayaca)
AZURE-SHOULDERED TANAGER (Thraupis cyanoptera)
GOLDEN-CHEVRONED TANAGER (Thraupis ornata) [E]
PALM TANAGER (Thraupis palmarum)
GREEN-HEADED TANAGER (Tangara seledon) [E]

Birding along the Carmo road, where the lifers came thick and fast. Photo by participants David and Sue Wright.
RED-NECKED TANAGER (Tangara cyanocephala) [E]
BRASSY-BREASTED TANAGER (Tangara desmaresti)
SWALLOW TANAGER (Tersina viridis)
BLUE DACNIS (Dacnis cayana)
GUIRA TANAGER (Hemithraupis guira)
RUFOUS-HEADED TANAGER (Hemithraupis ruficapilla) [E]
CHESTNUT-VENTED CONEBILL (Conirostrum speciosum)
UNIFORM FINCH (Haplospiza unicolor) [E]
SAFFRON FINCH (Sicalis flaveola)
BLUE-BLACK GRASSQUIT (Volatinia jacarina)
LINED SEEDEATER (Sporophila lineola)
WHITE-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila leucoptera leucoptera)
CHESTNUT-BELLIED SEED-FINCH (Sporophila angolensis)

A Long-tufted Screech-Owl was an unexpected treat, thanks to our local guides at Intervales. Photo by guide Marcelo Padua.
DOUBLE-COLLARED SEEDEATER (Sporophila caerulescens)
RUSTY-COLLARED SEEDEATER (Sporophila collaris)
BANANAQUIT (Coereba flaveola)
GRAYISH SALTATOR (Saltator coerulescens)
GREEN-WINGED SALTATOR (Saltator similis)
Emberizidae (Buntings and New World Sparrows)
SAFFRON-BILLED SPARROW (Arremon flavirostris)
RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROW (Zonotrichia capensis)
Cardinalidae (Cardinals and Allies)
RED-CROWNED ANT-TANAGER (Habia rubica)
Icteridae (Troupials and Allies)
CHOPI BLACKBIRD (Gnorimopsar chopi)
SCARLET-HEADED BLACKBIRD (Amblyramphus holosericeus)
UNICOLORED BLACKBIRD (Agelasticus cyanopus)
YELLOW-RUMPED MARSHBIRD (Pseudoleistes guirahuro)

Lake Piuval towards sunset -- time for crakes, rails, gallinules and bitterns! Photo by participant Bonnie Schwartz.
GRAYISH BAYWING (Agelaioides badius)
SHINY COWBIRD (Molothrus bonariensis)
GIANT COWBIRD (Molothrus oryzivorus)
VARIABLE ORIOLE (CHESTNUT-SHOULDERED) (Icterus pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus)
ORANGE-BACKED TROUPIAL (Icterus croconotus)
SOLITARY BLACK CACIQUE (Cacicus solitarius)
GOLDEN-WINGED CACIQUE (Cacicus chrysopterus)
YELLOW-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus cela)
RED-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus haemorrhous)
CRESTED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius decumanus)
Fringillidae (Finches, Euphonias, and Allies)
PURPLE-THROATED EUPHONIA (Euphonia chlorotica)
VIOLACEOUS EUPHONIA (Euphonia violacea)
CHESTNUT-BELLIED EUPHONIA (Euphonia pectoralis) [E]
HOODED SISKIN (Spinus magellanicus)
Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)
HOUSE SPARROW (Passer domesticus)
What do you call a group of Capybaras? A flock? A herd? Whatever it is, we intercepted one swimming across Lake Piuval at dusk one evening. Video by guide Megan Edwards Crewe.
SILVERY MARMOSET (Callithrix argentata)
BROWN HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta fuscus)
BLACK HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta caraya)
BROWN CAPUCHIN (Cebus apella)
CAPYBARA (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris)
AZARA'S AGOUTI (Dasyprocta azarae)
CRAB-EATING FOX (Cerdocyon thous)
CRAB-EATING RACCOON (Procyon cancrivorus)
SOUTH AMERICAN COATI (Nasua nasua)
SOUTHERN RIVER OTTER (Lontra provocax)
RED BROCKET DEER (Mazama americana)
We only identified a few "herps" (all reptiles) during the tour:
Paraguayan Caiman (Caiman yacare)
Giant Ameiva (Ameiva ameiva)
Gold Tegu (Tupinambis teguixin)
Totals for the tour: 389 bird taxa and 11 mammal taxa