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Where it all begins and ends. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
We had a terrific time with our Canopy guide Michael this year, on a trip that was filled with a number of wonderful highlights. With so many species, it is always a challenge to come up with the favorites. But when put the task, y'all came up with a respectable list of species. Topping the list was the Fasciated Antshrike, no doubt thanks to the amazing looks we had on our final afternoon at the Rainforest Resort grounds. The spectacular ant swarm, with all of its attendant ant-things, was also quite memorable. The Ocellated Antbirds there were another trip favorite. Another terrific final afternoon bird was the Green Shrike-Vireo, which provided such fabulous looks after several days of proving elusive. We saw a really nice assortment of raptors, including Gray-headed Kite, White Hawk, and Semiplumbeous Hawk. And the Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon was amazing! A couple of the owls deserve special mention too. The Spectacled Owl, and the excited Crested Owl were breathtaking! And three separate Great Potoos were a treat! Another really memorable sight for me was the confiding pair of Moustached Antwrens at the Discovery Center. These tiny birds spend most of their time in the canopy, so to see them below eye level was pretty special.
I want to thank all of you for making the trip a great deal of fun and a huge success. I look forward to birding with all of you again in the field. Until then, best wishes!
-- Chris
KEYS FOR THIS LIST
One of the following keys may be shown in brackets for individual species as appropriate: * = heard only, I = introduced, E = endemic, N = nesting, a = austral migrant, b = boreal migrant

This Zone-tailed Hawk sailed past us at the Ammo Ponds. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Tinamidae (Tinamous)
GREAT TINAMOU (Tinamus major)
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl)
BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna autumnalis)
Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows)
GRAY-HEADED CHACHALACA (Ortalis cinereiceps)
Fregatidae (Frigatebirds)
MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD (Fregata magnificens)
Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants and Shags)
NEOTROPIC CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)

A Yellow-rumped Cacique making its crazy sounds. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Anhingidae (Anhingas)
ANHINGA (Anhinga anhinga)
Pelecanidae (Pelicans)
BROWN PELICAN (Pelecanus occidentalis)
Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns)
RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma lineatum)
GREAT EGRET (Ardea alba)
SNOWY EGRET (Egretta thula)

Panama’s endemic Yellow-green Tyrannulet. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
LITTLE BLUE HERON (Egretta caerulea)
TRICOLORED HERON (Egretta tricolor)
CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis)
GREEN HERON (Butorides virescens)
STRIATED HERON (Butorides striata)

Two of Panama’s woodcreepers, Cocoa and Northern Barred. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nyctanassa violacea)
BOAT-BILLED HERON (SOUTHERN) (Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis)
Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)
GLOSSY IBIS (Plegadis falcinellus)
WHITE-FACED IBIS (Plegadis chihi)
Cathartidae (New World Vultures)
BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus)

The Whooping Motmot. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura)
KING VULTURE (Sarcoramphus papa)
Pandionidae (Osprey)
OSPREY (Pandion haliaetus)

A male White-whiskered Puffbird. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
GRAY-HEADED KITE (Leptodon cayanensis)
SNAIL KITE (Rostrhamus sociabilis)
DOUBLE-TOOTHED KITE (Harpagus bidentatus)
MISSISSIPPI KITE (Ictinia mississippiensis)
PLUMBEOUS KITE (Ictinia plumbea)

The stunning White Hawk seen near the tower. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
CRANE HAWK (Geranospiza caerulescens)
COMMON BLACK HAWK (MANGROVE) (Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi)
WHITE HAWK (Pseudastur albicollis)
SEMIPLUMBEOUS HAWK (Leucopternis semiplumbeus)
GRAY-LINED HAWK (Buteo nitidus)
SHORT-TAILED HAWK (Buteo brachyurus)

A leaf munching Three-toed Sloth. (Photo by guide Michael Castro)
ZONE-TAILED HAWK (Buteo albonotatus)
Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, and Coots)
WHITE-THROATED CRAKE (Laterallus albigularis)
GRAY-NECKED WOOD-RAIL (Aramides cajaneus)
PURPLE GALLINULE (Porphyrio martinicus)
COMMON GALLINULE (Gallinula galeata)

A singing male Spotted Antbird. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Charadriidae (Plovers and Lapwings)
SOUTHERN LAPWING (Vanellus chilensis)
Jacanidae (Jacanas)
WATTLED JACANA (Jacana jacana)
Scolopacidae (Sandpipers and Allies)
SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Actitis macularius)

A Spot-crowned (and spiky crowned) Antvireo. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Laridae (Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers)
LAUGHING GULL (Leucophaeus atricilla)
Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves)
PALE-VENTED PIGEON (Patagioenas cayennensis)
SCALED PIGEON (Patagioenas speciosa)
SHORT-BILLED PIGEON (Patagioenas nigrirostris)
RUDDY GROUND-DOVE (Columbina talpacoti)

This Spectacled Owl was one of the highlights of our night drive. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
WHITE-TIPPED DOVE (Leptotila verreauxi)
GRAY-CHESTED DOVE (Leptotila cassinii)
Cuculidae (Cuckoos)
SQUIRREL CUCKOO (Piaya cayana)
GREATER ANI (Crotophaga major)
SMOOTH-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga ani)

This Speckled Mourner started calling near the ant swarm. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Strigidae (Owls)
CRESTED OWL (Lophostrix cristata)
SPECTACLED OWL (Pulsatrix perspicillata)
Caprimulgidae (Nightjars and Allies)
LESSER NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles acutipennis)
Nyctibiidae (Potoos)
GREAT POTOO (Nyctibius grandis)

A Southern Lapwing showing well in Gamboa. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Apodidae (Swifts)
CHIMNEY SWIFT (Chaetura pelagica)
SHORT-TAILED SWIFT (Chaetura brachyura)
BAND-RUMPED SWIFT (Chaetura spinicaudus)
LESSER SWALLOW-TAILED SWIFT (Panyptila cayennensis)
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)
WHITE-NECKED JACOBIN (Florisuga mellivora)

Slaty-tailed Trogons seemed to be everywhere! (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
LONG-BILLED HERMIT (Phaethornis longirostris)
STRIPE-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis striigularis)
PURPLE-CROWNED FAIRY (Heliothryx barroti)
BLACK-THROATED MANGO (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
GARDEN EMERALD (Chlorostilbon assimilis)
WHITE-VENTED PLUMELETEER (Chalybura buffonii)

Our Canopy guide Michael Castro digiscopes for us. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
BLUE-CHESTED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia amabilis)
RUFOUS-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia tzacatl)
SAPPHIRE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD (Lepidopyga coeruleogularis)
VIOLET-BELLIED HUMMINGBIRD (Damophila julie)

The Slate-colored Grosbeak is a beautiful songster. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Trogonidae (Trogons)
SLATY-TAILED TROGON (Trogon massena)
BLACK-TAILED TROGON (Trogon melanurus) [*]
WHITE-TAILED TROGON (Trogon chionurus)
GARTERED TROGON (Trogon caligatus)
BLACK-THROATED TROGON (Trogon rufus)

A Russet-winged Schiffornis, a recent split from Thrushlike Mourner. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Momotidae (Motmots)
WHOOPING MOTMOT (WHOOPING) (Momotus subrufescens conexus)
RUFOUS MOTMOT (Baryphthengus martii)
BROAD-BILLED MOTMOT (Electron platyrhynchum)
Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)
RINGED KINGFISHER (Megaceryle torquata)
BELTED KINGFISHER (Megaceryle alcyon)

An adult Rufescent Tiger-Heron. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
AMAZON KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle amazona)
GREEN KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle americana)
Bucconidae (Puffbirds)
WHITE-NECKED PUFFBIRD (Notharchus hyperrhynchus)
BLACK-BREASTED PUFFBIRD (Notharchus pectoralis)
PIED PUFFBIRD (Notharchus tectus)

A peek at the shy Rosy Thrush-Tanager. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
WHITE-WHISKERED PUFFBIRD (Malacoptila panamensis)
Ramphastidae (Toucans)
COLLARED ARACARI (Pteroglossus torquatus)
YELLOW-THROATED TOUCAN (CHESTNUT-MANDIBLED) (Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii)

The gorgeous Red-legged Honeycreeper. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
KEEL-BILLED TOUCAN (Ramphastos sulfuratus)
Picidae (Woodpeckers)
BLACK-CHEEKED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes pucherani)
RED-CROWNED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes rubricapillus)
CINNAMON WOODPECKER (Celeus loricatus)

A Cinnamon Woodpecker. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
CRIMSON-CRESTED WOODPECKER (Campephilus melanoleucos)
Falconidae (Falcons and Caracaras)
SLATY-BACKED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur mirandollei)
COLLARED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur semitorquatus) [*]
YELLOW-HEADED CARACARA (Milvago chimachima)
BAT FALCON (Falco rufigularis)

The stunning Ocellated Antbird, a highlight of our army ant swarm. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Psittacidae (New World and African Parrots)
ORANGE-CHINNED PARAKEET (Brotogeris jugularis)
BROWN-HOODED PARROT (Pyrilia haematotis) [*]
BLUE-HEADED PARROT (Pionus menstruus)
RED-LORED PARROT (SALVIN'S) (Amazona autumnalis salvini)
MEALY PARROT (Amazona farinosa)

The impressive Fasciated Antshrike. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Thamnophilidae (Typical Antbirds)
FASCIATED ANTSHRIKE (Cymbilaimus lineatus)
GREAT ANTSHRIKE (Taraba major)
BARRED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus doliatus)
BLACK-CROWNED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus atrinucha)
SPOT-CROWNED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus puncticeps)

The reclusive Jet Antbird. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
CHECKER-THROATED ANTWREN (Epinecrophylla fulviventris)
MOUSTACHED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula ignota)
DOT-WINGED ANTWREN (Microrhopias quixensis)
DUSKY ANTBIRD (Cercomacroides tyrannina)
JET ANTBIRD (Cercomacra nigricans)

A tiny Moustached Antwren came in close. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
WHITE-BELLIED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza longipes) [*]
CHESTNUT-BACKED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza exsul)
BICOLORED ANTBIRD (Gymnopithys bicolor bicolor)
SPOTTED ANTBIRD (Hylophylax naevioides)
OCELLATED ANTBIRD (Phaenostictus mcleannani)
Formicariidae (Antthrushes)
BLACK-FACED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius analis)

Another ant swarm follower is this Bicolored Antbird. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Furnariidae (Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers)
OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER (GRAYISH) (Sittasomus griseicapillus sylvioides)
PLAIN-BROWN WOODCREEPER (Dendrocincla fuliginosa)
NORTHERN BARRED-WOODCREEPER (Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae)
COCOA WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus susurrans)
BLACK-STRIPED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus)
PLAIN XENOPS (Xenops minutus)

Chestnut-backed Antbird. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers)
BROWN-CAPPED TYRANNULET (Ornithion brunneicapillus)
SOUTHERN BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET (Camptostoma obsoletum)
YELLOW TYRANNULET (Capsiempis flaveola)
YELLOW-CROWNED TYRANNULET (Tyrannulus elatus)
FOREST ELAENIA (Myiopagis gaimardii)
GRAY ELAENIA (CHOCO) (Myiopagis caniceps absita) [E]
GREENISH ELAENIA (GREENISH) (Myiopagis viridicata accola)

A Forest Elaenia molting in a new tail. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
YELLOW-BELLIED ELAENIA (Elaenia flavogaster)
LESSER ELAENIA (Elaenia chiriquensis)
OCHRE-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes oleagineus)
YELLOW-GREEN TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes flavovirens) [E]
PALTRY TYRANNULET (MISTLETOE) (Zimmerius vilissimus parvus)
BLACK-CAPPED PYGMY-TYRANT (Myiornis atricapillus)
SOUTHERN BENTBILL (Oncostoma olivaceum)

This Common Tody-Flycatcher looks annoyed. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
COMMON TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum cinereum)
BLACK-HEADED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum nigriceps)
BROWNISH TWISTWING (Cnipodectes subbrunneus)
OLIVACEOUS FLATBILL (Rhynchocyclus olivaceus)
YELLOW-OLIVE FLYCATCHER (YELLOW-OLIVE) (Tolmomyias sulphurescens flavoolivaceus)
YELLOW-MARGINED FLYCATCHER (YELLOW-MARGINED) (Tolmomyias assimilis flavotectus)
GOLDEN-CROWNED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus coronatus)

A shocking look at Crested Owl! (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
RUDDY-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Terenotriccus erythrurus)
BLACK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Myiobius atricaudus)
ACADIAN FLYCATCHER (Empidonax virescens) [*]
BRIGHT-RUMPED ATTILA (Attila spadiceus)
RUFOUS MOURNER (Rhytipterna holerythra)
DUSKY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tuberculifer)
PANAMA FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus panamensis)

The amazing Gray-headed Kite seen on Pipeline Road. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus crinitus) [*]
LESSER KISKADEE (Pitangus lictor)
GREAT KISKADEE (Pitangus sulphuratus)
BOAT-BILLED FLYCATCHER (Megarynchus pitangua) [*]
RUSTY-MARGINED FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes cayanensis)
SOCIAL FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes similis)
STREAKED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes maculatus)

Two Plegadis ibis near Gamboa -- the country’s first White-faced and a Glossy. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
PIRATIC FLYCATCHER (Legatus leucophaius)
TROPICAL KINGBIRD (Tyrannus melancholicus)
FORK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Tyrannus savana)
Cotingidae (Cotingas)
PURPLE-THROATED FRUITCROW (Querula purpurata)
BLUE COTINGA (Cotinga nattererii)

A not so Blue Cotinga. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
Pipridae (Manakins)
LANCE-TAILED MANAKIN (Chiroxiphia lanceolata)
BLUE-CROWNED MANAKIN (VELVETY) (Lepidothrix coronata minuscula)
GOLDEN-COLLARED MANAKIN (Manacus vitellinus)
RED-CAPPED MANAKIN (Ceratopipra mentalis)
Tityridae (Tityras and Allies)
MASKED TITYRA (Tityra semifasciata)
RUSSET-WINGED SCHIFFORNIS (Schiffornis stenorhyncha panamensis)

A Broad-billed Motmot. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
SPECKLED MOURNER (Laniocera rufescens)
CINNAMON BECARD (Pachyramphus cinnamomeus) [*]
WHITE-WINGED BECARD (Pachyramphus polychopterus)
Vireonidae (Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis)
YELLOW-THROATED VIREO (Vireo flavifrons)
YELLOW-GREEN VIREO (Vireo flavoviridis)

We eventually managed to SEE some Green Shrike-Vireos. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
SCRUB GREENLET (Hylophilus flavipes)
GOLDEN-FRONTED GREENLET (Pachysylvia aurantiifrons)
LESSER GREENLET (Pachysylvia decurtata)
GREEN SHRIKE-VIREO (Vireolanius pulchellus)
Corvidae (Crows, Jays, and Magpies)
BLACK-CHESTED JAY (Cyanocorax affinis)

The peculiar Brownish Twistwing. (Photo by guide Michael Castro)
Hirundinidae (Swallows)
NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
SOUTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis)
PURPLE MARTIN (Progne subis)
GRAY-BREASTED MARTIN (Progne chalybea)
MANGROVE SWALLOW (Tachycineta albilinea)
BARN SWALLOW (Hirundo rustica)
Troglodytidae (Wrens)
HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon)

A Great Potoo, alert at night. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
BLACK-BELLIED WREN (Pheugopedius fasciatoventris)
RUFOUS-BREASTED WREN (Pheugopedius rutilus) [*]
PLAIN WREN (Cantorchilus modestus)
WHITE-BREASTED WOOD-WREN (Henicorhina leucosticta)
SONG WREN (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus)
Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers)
LONG-BILLED GNATWREN (Ramphocaenus melanurus)

A Two-toed Sloth. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
TROPICAL GNATCATCHER (Polioptila plumbea)
Turdidae (Thrushes and Allies)
CLAY-COLORED THRUSH (Turdus grayi)
Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers)
TROPICAL MOCKINGBIRD (Mimus gilvus)
Parulidae (New World Warblers)
NORTHERN WATERTHRUSH (Parkesia noveboracensis)
BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER (Mniotilta varia)
PROTHONOTARY WARBLER (Protonotaria citrea)

Prothonotary Warbler, a Neotropical migrant. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
TENNESSEE WARBLER (Oreothlypis peregrina)
BAY-BREASTED WARBLER (Setophaga castanea)
YELLOW WARBLER (Setophaga petechia)
CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER (Setophaga pensylvanica)
Thraupidae (Tanagers and Allies)
GRAY-HEADED TANAGER (GRAY-CRESTED) (Eucometis penicillata cristata)
WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER (Tachyphonus luctuosus)
CRIMSON-BACKED TANAGER (Ramphocelus dimidiatus)

A pair of Panamanian Night-Monkeys, seen on our night drive. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
BLUE-GRAY TANAGER (Thraupis episcopus)
PALM TANAGER (Thraupis palmarum)
GOLDEN-HOODED TANAGER (Tangara larvata)
PLAIN-COLORED TANAGER (Tangara inornata)
BLUE DACNIS (Dacnis cayana)
RED-LEGGED HONEYCREEPER (Cyanerpes cyaneus)
GREEN HONEYCREEPER (Chlorophanes spiza)
RUDDY-BREASTED SEEDEATER (Sporophila minuta)
THICK-BILLED SEED-FINCH (Sporophila funerea)

A mother howler and child. (Photo by guide Michael Castro)
VARIABLE SEEDEATER (VARIABLE) (Sporophila corvina hoffmannii)
YELLOW-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila nigricollis)
ROSY THRUSH-TANAGER (Rhodinocichla rosea)
BUFF-THROATED SALTATOR (Saltator maximus)
BLACK-HEADED SALTATOR (Saltator atriceps)
STREAKED SALTATOR (Saltator striatipectus)
SLATE-COLORED GROSBEAK (Saltator grossus)
Emberizidae (Buntings and New World Sparrows)
BLACK-STRIPED SPARROW (Arremonops conirostris)

The colorful Military Grasshopper. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
ORANGE-BILLED SPARROW (Arremon aurantiirostris) [*]
Cardinalidae (Cardinals and Allies)
SUMMER TANAGER (Piranga rubra)
RED-CROWNED ANT-TANAGER (Habia rubica)
RED-THROATED ANT-TANAGER (Habia fuscicauda)
ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
BLUE-BLACK GROSBEAK (Cyanocompsa cyanoides)
PAINTED BUNTING (Passerina ciris)
Icteridae (Troupials and Allies)
GREAT-TAILED GRACKLE (Quiscalus mexicanus)

A Helcate Longwing. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
YELLOW-BACKED ORIOLE (Icterus chrysater)
BALTIMORE ORIOLE (Icterus galbula)
SCARLET-RUMPED CACIQUE (SCARLET-RUMPED) (Cacicus uropygialis microrhynchus)
YELLOW-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus cela)
CRESTED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius decumanus) [*]
CHESTNUT-HEADED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius wagleri)
Fringillidae (Finches, Euphonias, and Allies)
YELLOW-CROWNED EUPHONIA (Euphonia luteicapilla)
THICK-BILLED EUPHONIA (Euphonia laniirostris)

A tropical frog. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
FULVOUS-VENTED EUPHONIA (Euphonia fulvicrissa)
LARGE FRUIT-EATING BATS (Artibeus spp.)
LESSER BULLDOG BAT (Noctilio albiventris)
RED-NAPED TAMARIN (Saguinus geoffroyi)
GRAY-BELLIED NIGHT MONKEY (Aotus lemurinus)
MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta palliata)
WHITE-THROATED CAPUCHIN (Cebus capucinus)
HOFFMANN'S TWO-TOED SLOTH (Choloepus hoffmanni)

A Sara Longwing. (Photo by guide Chris Benesh)
BROWN-THROATED THREE-TOED SLOTH (Bradypus variegatus)
NORTHERN TAMANDUA (Tamandua mexicana)
VARIEGATED SQUIRREL (Sciurus variegatoides)
RED-TAILED SQUIRREL (Sciurus granatensis)
CENTRAL AMERICAN AGOUTI (Dasyprocta punctata)
WHITE-NOSED COATI (Nasua narica)
NEOTROPICAL OTTER (Lontra longicaudis)
WHITE-TAILED DEER (Odocoileus virginianus)
Totals for the tour: 241 bird taxa and 15 mammal taxa