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It's been a theme on Amazonian tours forever: "Might we see a Harpy Eagle this trip?" Unless I know we will be visiting an active nest, my answer is always the same: "We certainly could see a Harpy, it's a matter of luck and perseverance in looking for them. Especially when we're traveling the rivers in boats, we need to scan constantly for perched birds, because it's likely that, at one point or another during several days afield, a Harpy Eagle will be in our line-of-sight for at least a few seconds." And so it went this time, on the Rio Roosevelt: a great deal of persistent scanning, literally tens of thousands of big trees and heavy, horizontal branches looked at carefully, during our first five days on the wild, heavily forested Roosevelt and Madeirinha rivers. Without a sign of a Harpy. Then, on a still, sunny early afternoon when we least expected it, the magic happened!

We had had a really fine morning up the Rio Madeirinha, birding not only this beautiful, relatively narrow river, but also at the remote campina (low-stature forest and scrub growing on nutrient-poor sand and rock), where the newly described Chico's Tyrannulet came in for beautiful viewing and seven Paradise Jacamars lined up on a single dead branch to sing and call loudly for over a minute. On our return downriver, we stopped for the exciting catch of four 2-3 pound Peacock Bass (tucunaré) for lunch, which our trusty boatmen grilled up for us at a quiet spot above the riverbank. While they were getting lunch in order, I took the group birding on a narrow trail that led into terra firme (never flooded) forest. We passed below several gigantic Brazil Nut trees and over a small swarm of army ants as we birded our way deeper into the forest. Then, as we attempted to call in a Pearly Antshrike, I heard a faint (very distant) series of screams delivered about once per second. A moment or two later, the series came again, then again a minute later, and I decided we needed to get a lot closer to it. I didn't say anything to the group, but I was thinking, "Yikes, that's sounding Harpy-like…” I picked up the pace a bit as the sound continued to come about once every couple of minutes. After some 10 minutes of steady walking, I stopped, mentioned that we should listen for an interesting sound, and we waited. Suddenly, the sound pierced the forest canopy less than 100 yards from our position on the trail! I said, "Folks, I think this is going to be a Harpy Eagle. Let's all move ahead slowly and very quietly. It's going to be sitting in some huge tree; we need to scan carefully and hope we can spot it." Sure enough, we soon found an emergent Brazil Nut tree, and I told the group the bird would be in that tree, and to check every horizontal limb. The bird called again, really sounding loud now, and seconds later, Tom Fiore whispered, "I see it. It is a Harpy!" To our great good fortune, the massive eagle was perfectly visible through the understory vegetation and in perfect light. In a heartbeat (or two or three!), we were all on the bird, with Ooohhs and Ahhhs from every one of us as we noted its wide black breastband, fabulous, two-part crest lifting in the breeze, and the fact that it held a hunk of (Titi?) monkey in its enormous talons. We were giggling with delight, quietly high-fiving, and hugging all over the place – this was one of those rare, superb moments in one's birding life that will never fade in memory.

On rock-steady shoulders, the huge raptor's neck weaved and bobbed as it looked around, and peered down at us, far below. Its stare, magnified through the telescope, was truly chilling. It occasionally shook its huge, crested head at the cloud of tiny insects always inches downwind of the head of a Harpy Eagle, attempting to extract fluids from the eyes and nares of the great bird. Cameras were clicking, videos ripping along. The Harpy stayed for about 15 minutes, apparently unconcerned with our presence (it may never have seen a human being), before finally launching away over the forest canopy.

The Harpy Eagle experience was tops among numerous highlights of our "Birding the River of Doubt" tour this year, but there were a great many others as well. The tour began with three days west of the Madeira, around the little town of Humaita. An impromptu stop on a sideroad led to some great birds (a rocking Golden-collared Toucanet, Gilded Barbet, Undulated Antshrike, Black Bushbird, Short-billed Honeycreeper, White-bellied Dacnis!) and an invite to have a cup of coffee at a landowner's home in the middle of the forest. What a wonderful time we had with those nice people, not only birding their property but also having lunch with them and their extended family on a weekend visit a couple of days later, on our return to Porto Velho. The campos of Humaita were also good to us, producing Red-winged Tinamou, Azure Gallinule, Sharp-tailed Tyrant, White-rumped Tanager, and Black-masked Finch among several other species typical of cerrado habitats, but Ocellated Crake seemed to be in a quiescent period this time, barely calling back to us despite being "all over the place" in those expansive campos. Forest areas in that vicinity, which continue to suffer from clearing and burning, yielded excellent views of Predicted Antwren and Inambari Woodcreeper, but Western Striolated-Puffbird got away "heard only" and there was no sign of the rarely seen Campina Jay in the highly degraded area where I have most recently (May 2014) found it.

After an exciting charter flight over vast areas of undisturbed Amazonian habitats, we settled into the Pousada Rio Roosevelt to begin a week of birding adventures on the River of Doubt, both above and below roaring Santa Rita rapids. And I do mean "roaring": the Roosevelt was unusually high for the first of June owing to unseasonally heavy rains through most of May; our arrival coincided with the start of the true dry season and we encountered only a couple of hard, but fairly brief, rains over our entire week. Birding highlights included a Gray Tinamou on its nocturnal roost (WOW, a very rare treat indeed!) and the hunt to locate it there (see the story, with video, in the triplist below); an incredible Rufous Potoo almost too close to focus on (Double-WOW, video of that one in the list, too!); a couple of fabulous views of Red-throated Piping-Guans, a singing pair (oops, trio!) of Black-girdled Barbets, dazzling looks at Blue-cheeked and Great jacamars, equally fine scope studies of an adult male Pavonine Quetzal, a handsome Collared Puffbird, Gould's Toucanet, Broad-billed Motmot, and Crimson-bellied Parakeets; and Golden-green, Yellow-throated, and Red-necked woodpeckers. A host of antbirds graced our bin's at one time or another, including Glossy and Fasciated antshrikes, Spix's and the new Manicore warbling-antbirds; Sclater's, Pygmy, and Ihering's antwrens; very close studies of Ferruginous-backed, Rufous-faced, Black-chinned, and (undescribed!) Chestnut-tailed antbirds; both Dot-backed and Spot-backed antbirds, fabulous White-breasted Antbirds at a big army ant swarm, and two newly described species of antwrens: Roosevelt Stipple-throated and Aripuana, both seen extraordinarily well this trip. A pair of Rusty-belted tapaculos and a superb male Chestnut-belted Gnateater allowed several fine views in their dark-understory haunt. Woodcreepers were less cooperative than normal, I'd say, but we managed good looks at Uniform and Hoffmann's, two lower Amazonian endemics, and thoroughly enjoyed scope study of Long-billed Woodcreeper and finding a Striped Woodcreeper chick that had fallen out of its nest -- but we couldn't buy a scythebill. Standouts among a long list of flycatchers (under criterion of rarity/difficulty of seeing, not necessarily appearance haha) were the above-mentioned Chico's Tyrannulet, Amazonian Scrub-Flycatcher, Buff-cheeked Tody-Tyrant, and Zimmer's Tody-Tyant. Numerous sightings of Paradise and other fancy tanagers and honeycreepers, cooperative Tooth-billed Wren and singing Musician Wrens, and a fine pair of Rose-breasted Chats round out a fine bird list. Nasty misses this year included Dark-winged Trumpeter and Zigzag Heron, both of which we usually manage to find during our week on the Roosevelt, and Black-bellied Gnateater and Pale-faced Antbird have become something of nemeses of late.

Mammalian encounters were relatively fewer than usual this year, but we had great views of Prince Bernhard's Titi-Monkey and White-nosed Bearded Sakis, and somewhat fleeting but exciting views of the small "tufted-ear" marmoset that may not have a name. Common Woolly Monkey, usually in evidence along these remote rivers, was not even heard this trip, a real surprise. The high river levels cost us encounters with Giant Otters, no doubt, but this was the first trip on which we saw no Brazilian Tapirs – hard to explain some of the misses beyond plain old bad luck.

I thoroughly enjoyed birding the Madeira and Roosevelt with all of you, and look forward to seeing you again whenever the time rolls around. Great travels and birding in the meantime! -- Bretche

KEYS FOR THIS LIST
One of the following keys may be shown in brackets for individual species as appropriate: * = heard only, I = introduced, E = endemic, N = nesting, a = austral migrant, b = boreal migrant

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Among other interesting animals were a couple of gigantic Black Caiman (including "perneta", who came across the river for a handout); several big Green Iguanas, a huge "Rhinoceros" scarab beetle high in a tree; and lots of butterflies and moths, including several big "Owl-eye" butterflies (Caligo spp.) and a huge Cecropia silk moth on the dining room window.

Totals for the tour: 384 bird taxa and 16 mammal taxa