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The igneous plugs so characteristic of the ancient mountains of far eastern Brazil make for inspiring landscapes, and the forests are inhabited by a wealth of endemic birds. This was the roadside view of the Serra do Mar outside Teresopolis in Rio de Janeiro state. Photo copyright Valerie Gebert, participant on "North of the Tropic" (Part 1; thanks, Val!).
The 2013 Spectacular Southeast Brazil tours carried on the Field Guides tradition of fantastic birding and travels through the rich Atlantic Forest biome. Weather was better than average overall, which was very helpful in getting good views of almost all of the many endemic and rare birds of this region. "North of the Tropic" (Part 1) began with a week in the mountains and lowlands of the tiny state of Espirito Santo. Highlights right out of the gate included a day-roosting Great Potoo and Boat-billed Heron, and a tractor ride to see Streamer-tailed Tyrant, Red-legged Seriema, Black-cheeked Gnateater, and especially the rare Plumbeous Antvireo and Wied's Tyrant-Manakin followed by a delicious lunch prepared by the local landowners at their house. We then climbed into the scenic mountains of the Serra do Mar, entering a new realm with a new avifauna, the likes of Barred Forest-Falcon (distinctive nominate form), Hooded Berryeater (Wow!), Sharpbill, Bare-throated Bellbird, Spot-billed Toucanet, the gorgeous Yellow-fronted and White-browed woodpeckers, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, White-throated Woodcreeper, a super-cooperative Black-billed Scythebill, the rare Rio de Janeiro Antbird, Ferruginous Antbird, and a host of hummers both at feeders and at flowering trees, including several Frilled Coquettes. The lifers just kept coming! Our final venue in Espirito Santo was the famous Linhares Reserve, which yielded more fabulous woodpeckers (Blond-crested, Robust, and Yellow-throated in one morning!, with the rare endemic subspecies tinnunculus of Ringed the next morning) and parrots (Red-browed Parrot and Maroon-faced and Ochre-marked parakeets topping the list). A nest of Crescent-chested Puffbird was an exciting find, as were a couple of sightings of Least Pygmy-Owl, scope views of a male White-winged Cotinga, and a very close Black-headed Berryeater that stayed put just long enough for scope views. An evening checklist session in the field was punctuated by Minute Hermits bathing in a puddle a few feet away. Nightbirding was also quite productive despite very dark skies. Biggies were a Solitary Tinamou on a night-roost, a fabulous pair of Tawny-browed Owls, a Black-capped Screech-Owl (that one took a while, but it sure was worth it!), and a singing male Ocellated Poorwill.
A travel day took us well south into Sao Paulo state, where we were treated to superb views of the still-undescribed "Sao Paulo" Antwren in a cattail marsh that also gave us Orange-eyed Thornbird and several more lifers. It proved to be an exceptionally long day owing to later-than-planned departure from Espirito Santo and your normally trusty guide (me!) missing a turn-off that cost us an hour, but all survived it well and we slept in a bit the next morning. And what a morning that next, beautifully sunny morning was! A nest-building Buff-throated Purpletuft right off the bat was absolutely wonderful, and it was followed immediately by amazing studies of Spot-backed Antshrike and Scaled Antbird, then Orange-throated Thornbird and a truly unforgettable Spotted Bamboowren that allowed all to see it really well. Dona Sue, I still regret that I never managed to video your representation of that bamboowren's message to us! It was such a fun morning of birding, and lunch back in Ubatuba at a sumptuous "by the kilo" spread was so good we did it again the next day! Speaking of repeat performances, we also visited the spectacular hummingbird feeders at Jonas's place "Folha Seca" two days in a row. What a show, so thoroughly enjoyable. Birding in the forest near his house gave us our second, exciting tapaculo experience when a pair of Slaty Bristlefronts came out to the edge of the road (the male even bounded across it!) to really blow us away; what an incredible voice that bird has!
Our search for Black-hooded Antwren this year was simply a delight -- we saw one the rarest birds in the world quite easily, then had a very pleasant, relaxing lunch at the home of a lady who started inviting us in several years ago. Three nights at Itatiaia National Park was next, and the weather held for us, which always requires a fair amount of luck. Highlights there must include the fabulous morning below Agulhas Negras ("Black Needles", the jagged peaks above treeline) with Black-and-gold Cotinga (sooo close!), Emerald-crested Plovercrests, Rufous-backed Antvireo, Rufous-tailed Antbird, Itatiaia Thistletail, Black-capped Piprites, Buff-throated Warbling-Finch, and Thick-billed Saltator among many others. Lower elevations gave us Saffron Toucanets, Red-breasted Toucan (flagrant nest-robber that it was), White-bearded Antshrike, Ochre-rumped and Bertoni's antbirds, White-bibbed Antbird, Buffy-fronted Seedeater, and a number of fancy tanagers. It was fun just birding the hotel grounds there!
The first part of the tour wrapped up with a couple of days birding around Teresopolis and Nova Friburgo, which added several important birds to our list, foremost among them Three-toed Jacamar, Gray-winged Cotinga (a suspenseful but mega-happy ending!), Large-tailed and Giant antshrikes (awesome experiences, these two monsters), Chestnut-headed Tanager, and Blackish-blue Seedeater. We said good-byes to most of the group at the Rio airport and drove in to Copacabana, where an eager bunch of folks awaited to begin "South of the Capricorn," Part 2 of the saga. Festivities began with dinner and Mariu's Degustare, one of the most memorable restaurants one could ever experience (especially on a birding tour!); it properly imbued everyone with the Brazilian spirit!
Intervales State Park was our first birding venue and it lived up to expectations, producing lifers at a steady pace for a full three days (and nights!) in beautiful, undisturbed montane forest. Tops there were Black-fronted Piping-Guans (not as easy as in recent years, but we eventually nailed it), Spot-winged Wood-Quail, Red-and-white Crake (obrigado, Luiz!), Rusty-barred, Mottled, and Stygian(!) owls, Long-trained Nightjar (Ohh WOW!), Rufous-capped Motmot, White-bearded Antshrike, Ferruginous, Bertoni's, and Dusky-tailed antbirds, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Mouse-colored Tapaculo (southern form being named a new species), Slaty Bristlefront (another one being named as a new species!), Bare-throated Bellbirds, Hooded Berryeater, Gray-hooded and Rufous-tailed attilas about an hour apart, Brown and Olive-green tanagers, and a nesting pair of rare Black-legged Dacnis. Coastal Sao Paulo was excellent for Red-tailed Parrots, Long-billed Wren, and Black-backed Tanager, just as we'd hoped.
Parana state came next, and our luck continued on a roll. Best there were Sickle-winged Nightjar (at our feet!), Wetland Tapaculo (brief but excellent views), Canebrake Groundcreeper, "Speckle-breasted" Antpitta (new species soon to be named!), Kaempfer's Tody-Tyrant, the recently described Parana Antwren (a pair practically at arm's length for minutes), and a tremendous Large-tailed Antshrike that definitively chased us out of his territory. What a haul!!
The tour wrapped up in the far south, in the land of the gauchos, Rio Grande do Sul. The high grasslands and Araucaria forests there provided serene landscapes for some of the most exciting birding on the tour. The dark, haunting Araucarias sheltered such specialties as Blue-bellied, Pileated, and Red-spectacled parrots, Mottled Piculet, Araucaria and Striolated tit-spinetails, Sharp-billed Treehunter, Short-tailed Antthrush, and, to complete another clean-sweep of rhinocryptids across both tours, we thoroughly absorbed a singing male Planalto Tapaculo at very close range. Out in the campos, Black-and-white Monjitas and Saffron-cowled Blackbirds came easily, and Black-bellied Seedeaters had arrived from wintering grounds and were common along roadsides. Marshes and grasslands held everything from Ochre-breasted and Hellmayr's pipits to Sharp-tailed Tyrant and Bearded Tachuri to Firewood-gatherer and Long-tailed Cinclodes and rare Tawny-bellied and Tropeiro seedeaters, the latter an endangered species introduced to science as Sporophila beltoni just a couple of months ago, in "The Auk." We have been showing this little-known bird to Field Guides tour participants for years now, and we were almost certainly the first birders to see it since it received its formal name. Another male Sickle-winged Nightjar also performed beautifully -- just wish I could save him up for next year! Blackish Rail and Rufous-sided Crake had about 15 minutes to show before we had to hightail it to the airport for flights home, and boy did they perform, parading out, one after the other, in the same spot in the marsh.
Sightings for both parts of the Spectacular Southeast Brazil tour are annotated in the following list. N is for "North of the Tropic" (Part 1), and "S" is for "South of the Capricorn" (Part 2). An asterisk denotes species heard only. Thus, N*/S means "heard only on Part 1, seen on Part 2." No codes mean "seen on both parts," and an asterisk by itself indicates "heard only both parts." A capital "E" marks species and distinctive subspecies endemic to the Altantic Forest biome.
I very much look forward to seeing most of you on future Field Guides Brazil tours, and I know several of you are already signed up! Thanks so much for joining us this year, and for remembering the best of an overall fantastic tour experience. A special thanks to Valerie for making available many of her photos via the "Flickr" website; several are dropped in here. Have fun reliving some good times through the video clips, I enjoyed putting them together! I, Chris, and Marcelo send our best wishes to all for an excellent, prosperous 2014 ahead. Boas viagens para todos!!
Com grandes abraços, Bretche
KEYS FOR THIS LIST
One of the following keys may be shown in brackets for individual species as appropriate: * = heard only, I = introduced, E = endemic, N = nesting, a = austral migrant, b = boreal migrant
Tinamidae (Tinamous)

This Solitary Tinamou had settled on its night roost and was seemingly oblivious to our clamorous presence. Digiscope photo copyright Bret Whitney.
SOLITARY TINAMOU (Tinamus solitarius) [E] LITTLE TINAMOU (Crypturellus soui)
BROWN TINAMOU (Crypturellus obsoletus)
VARIEGATED TINAMOU (Crypturellus variegatus)
RED-WINGED TINAMOU (Rhynchotus rufescens)
SPOTTED NOTHURA (Nothura maculosa)
Anhimidae (Screamers)
SOUTHERN SCREAMER (Chauna torquata)
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl)
WHITE-FACED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna viduata)
BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna autumnalis)
MUSCOVY DUCK (Cairina moschata)
BRAZILIAN TEAL (Amazonetta brasiliensis)
YELLOW-BILLED PINTAIL (Anas georgica)
YELLOW-BILLED TEAL (Anas flavirostris)
Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows)
SPECKLED CHACHALACA (EAST BRAZILIAN) (Ortalis guttata araucuan)
RUSTY-MARGINED GUAN (Penelope superciliaris)
DUSKY-LEGGED GUAN (Penelope obscura)

Black-fronted Piping-Guan! Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
BLACK-FRONTED PIPING-GUAN (Pipile jacutinga) Odontophoridae (New World Quail)
SPOT-WINGED WOOD-QUAIL (Odontophorus capueira) [E]
Podicipedidae (Grebes)
PIED-BILLED GREBE (Podilymbus podiceps)
Ciconiidae (Storks)
WOOD STORK (Mycteria americana)
Fregatidae (Frigatebirds)
MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD (Fregata magnificens)
Sulidae (Boobies and Gannets)
BROWN BOOBY (Sula leucogaster)
Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants and Shags)
NEOTROPIC CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)
Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns)
RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma lineatum)
COCOI HERON (Ardea cocoi)
GREAT EGRET (Ardea alba)
SNOWY EGRET (Egretta thula)
LITTLE BLUE HERON (Egretta caerulea)
CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis)
STRIATED HERON (Butorides striata)
WHISTLING HERON (Syrigma sibilatrix)
CAPPED HERON (Pilherodius pileatus)
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nycticorax nycticorax)
YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nyctanassa violacea)
BOAT-BILLED HERON (Cochlearius cochlearius)
Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)
SCARLET IBIS (Eudocimus ruber)
WHITE-FACED IBIS (Plegadis chihi)
BARE-FACED IBIS (Phimosus infuscatus)
BUFF-NECKED IBIS (Theristicus caudatus)
ROSEATE SPOONBILL (Platalea ajaja)
Cathartidae (New World Vultures)
BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus)
TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura)
LESSER YELLOW-HEADED VULTURE (Cathartes burrovianus)
KING VULTURE (Sarcoramphus papa)
Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
WHITE-TAILED KITE (Elanus leucurus)
HOOK-BILLED KITE (Chondrohierax uncinatus)
GRAY-HEADED KITE (Leptodon cayanensis)
SWALLOW-TAILED KITE (Elanoides forficatus)
BLACK HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus tyrannus)

This adult Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle came over very low and close. Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
BLACK-AND-WHITE HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus melanoleucus) SNAIL KITE (Rostrhamus sociabilis)
DOUBLE-TOOTHED KITE (Harpagus bidentatus)
RUFOUS-THIGHED KITE (Harpagus diodon)
PLUMBEOUS KITE (Ictinia plumbea)
LONG-WINGED HARRIER (Circus buffoni)
SHARP-SHINNED HAWK (RUFOUS-THIGHED) (Accipiter striatus erythronemius)
CRANE HAWK (BANDED) (Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis)
SAVANNA HAWK (Buteogallus meridionalis)
WHITE-NECKED HAWK (Buteogallus lacernulatus) [E]
GREAT BLACK-HAWK (Buteogallus urubitinga)
CROWNED EAGLE (Buteogallus coronatus)
ROADSIDE HAWK (Rupornis magnirostris)
WHITE-TAILED HAWK (Geranoaetus albicaudatus)
BLACK-CHESTED BUZZARD-EAGLE (Geranoaetus melanoleucus)
MANTLED HAWK (Pseudastur polionotus) [E]
SHORT-TAILED HAWK (Buteo brachyurus)
Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, and Coots)

Red-and-white Crake! Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
RUFOUS-SIDED CRAKE (Laterallus melanophaius) RED-AND-WHITE CRAKE (Laterallus leucopyrrhus)
SLATY-BREASTED WOOD-RAIL (Aramides saracura) [E]
UNIFORM CRAKE (Amaurolimnas concolor)
BLACKISH RAIL (Pardirallus nigricans)
PLUMBEOUS RAIL (Pardirallus sanguinolentus)
COMMON GALLINULE (Gallinula galeata)
SPOT-FLANKED GALLINULE (Gallinula melanops)
WHITE-WINGED COOT (Fulica leucoptera)
Aramidae (Limpkin)
LIMPKIN (Aramus guarauna)
Charadriidae (Plovers and Lapwings)
SOUTHERN LAPWING (Vanellus chilensis)
SEMIPALMATED PLOVER (Charadrius semipalmatus)
Recurvirostridae (Stilts and Avocets)
BLACK-NECKED STILT (WHITE-BACKED) (Himantopus mexicanus melanurus)
Jacanidae (Jacanas)

This Mottled Owl was reluctant to show, but we eventually spotted it nicely. Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
WATTLED JACANA (Jacana jacana) Scolopacidae (Sandpipers and Allies)
SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Actitis macularius)
SOLITARY SANDPIPER (Tringa solitaria)
LESSER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa flavipes)
SOUTH AMERICAN SNIPE (Gallinago paraguaiae)
GIANT SNIPE (Gallinago undulata)
Laridae (Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers)
KELP GULL (Larus dominicanus)
ROYAL TERN (Thalasseus maximus)
SANDWICH TERN (Thalasseus sandvicensis)
BLACK SKIMMER (Rynchops niger)
Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves)
ROCK PIGEON (Columba livia)
PALE-VENTED PIGEON (Patagioenas cayennensis)
SCALED PIGEON (Patagioenas speciosa)
PICAZURO PIGEON (Patagioenas picazuro)
PLUMBEOUS PIGEON (Patagioenas plumbea plumbea)
EARED DOVE (Zenaida auriculata)
RUDDY GROUND-DOVE (Columbina talpacoti)
PICUI GROUND-DOVE (Columbina picui)
WHITE-TIPPED DOVE (Leptotila verreauxi)

Stygian Owl is rarely seen on the tour, but we sure did enjoy good views this year, on "South of the Capricorn". Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
GRAY-FRONTED DOVE (Leptotila rufaxilla) RUDDY QUAIL-DOVE (Geotrygon montana)
Cuculidae (Cuckoos)
SQUIRREL CUCKOO (Piaya cayana)
DARK-BILLED CUCKOO (Coccyzus melacoryphus)
GUIRA CUCKOO (Guira guira)
STRIPED CUCKOO (Tapera naevia)
PAVONINE CUCKOO (Dromococcyx pavoninus)
GREATER ANI (Crotophaga major)
SMOOTH-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga ani)
Strigidae (Owls)
BLACK-CAPPED SCREECH-OWL (Megascops atricapilla) [E]
LONG-TUFTED SCREECH-OWL (Megascops sanctaecatarinae) [E]
TAWNY-BROWED OWL (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana) [E]
LEAST PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium minutissimum) [E]
FERRUGINOUS PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium brasilianum)
BURROWING OWL (Athene cunicularia)
MOTTLED OWL (Ciccaba virgata)
RUSTY-BARRED OWL (Strix hylophila) [E]
STYGIAN OWL (Asio stygius)
Caprimulgidae (Nightjars and Allies)
SHORT-TAILED NIGHTHAWK (NATTERERI) (Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri)
Sickle-winged Nightjar! This full adult male was literally at our feet. HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
NACUNDA NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles nacunda) COMMON PAURAQUE (Nyctidromus albicollis)
OCELLATED POORWILL (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus)
LONG-TRAINED NIGHTJAR (Macropsalis forcipata) [E]
SICKLE-WINGED NIGHTJAR (Eleothreptus anomalus)
Nyctibiidae (Potoos)
GREAT POTOO (Nyctibius grandis)
COMMON POTOO (Nyctibius griseus)
Apodidae (Swifts)
SOOTY SWIFT (Cypseloides fumigatus)
GREAT DUSKY SWIFT (Cypseloides senex)
WHITE-COLLARED SWIFT (Streptoprocne zonaris)
BISCUTATE SWIFT (Streptoprocne biscutata)
On "North of the Tropic" (Part 1), we enjoyed hummer feeder shows at Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo (Ruschi's Museu Leitao); Jonas's "Folha Seca" south of Ubatuba; and later, at Itatiaia National Park. Here are a few clips from the first two of these venues. HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
SICK'S SWIFT (Chaetura meridionalis) GRAY-RUMPED SWIFT (Chaetura cinereiventris)
LESSER SWALLOW-TAILED SWIFT (Panyptila cayennensis)
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)
BLACK JACOBIN (Florisuga fusca) [E]
SAW-BILLED HERMIT (Ramphodon naevius) [E]
RUFOUS-BREASTED HERMIT (Glaucis hirsutus)
DUSKY-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis squalidus)
MINUTE HERMIT (Phaethornis idaliae) [E]
REDDISH HERMIT (Phaethornis ruber)
PLANALTO HERMIT (Phaethornis pretrei)
Festive Coquette -- this guy gets a clip of his own! HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
SCALE-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis eurynome) [E] WHITE-VENTED VIOLETEAR (Colibri serrirostris)
BLACK-THROATED MANGO (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
FRILLED COQUETTE (Lophornis magnificus) [E]
FESTIVE COQUETTE (Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus) [E]
BRAZILIAN RUBY (Clytolaema rubricauda) [E]
AMETHYST WOODSTAR (Calliphlox amethystina)
GLITTERING-BELLIED EMERALD (Chlorostilbon lucidus)
PLOVERCREST (EMERALD-CRESTED) (Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi) [E]

The spectacular Plovercrest hummingbirds will soon be split into northern Emerald-crested (shown here) and southern Violet-crested. Photo copyright Chris Benesh.
PLOVERCREST (VIOLET-CRESTED) (Stephanoxis lalandi loddigesii) [E] SWALLOW-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Eupetomena macroura)
VIOLET-CAPPED WOODNYMPH (Thalurania glaucopis) [E]
SOMBRE HUMMINGBIRD (Aphantochroa cirrochloris)
WHITE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD (Leucochloris albicollis)
VERSICOLORED EMERALD (Amazilia versicolor)
GLITTERING-THROATED EMERALD (Amazilia fimbriata)
RUFOUS-THROATED SAPPHIRE (Hylocharis sapphirina)
WHITE-CHINNED SAPPHIRE (Hylocharis cyanus)
GILDED HUMMINGBIRD (Hylocharis chrysura)
Trogonidae (Trogons)
GREEN-BACKED TROGON (Trogon viridis)
SURUCUA TROGON (Trogon surrucura) [E]
BLACK-THROATED TROGON (Trogon rufus chrysochloros) [E]
Momotidae (Motmots)
RUFOUS-CAPPED MOTMOT (Baryphthengus ruficapillus) [E]
Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)
RINGED KINGFISHER (Megaceryle torquata)
AMAZON KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle amazona)
GREEN KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle americana)
Bucconidae (Puffbirds)

This Crescent-chested Puffbird was feeding well-developed young in a nest at Linhares Reserve. Digiscope photo copyright Bret Whitney.
WHITE-EARED PUFFBIRD (Nystalus chacuru) CRESCENT-CHESTED PUFFBIRD (Malacoptila striata) [E]
SWALLOW-WINGED PUFFBIRD (Chelidoptera tenebrosa)
Galbulidae (Jacamars)
THREE-TOED JACAMAR (Jacamaralcyon tridactyla)
RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR (SPOT-TAILED) (Galbula ruficauda rufoviridis)
Ramphastidae (Toucans)
SAFFRON TOUCANET (Pteroglossus bailloni) [E]
BLACK-NECKED ARACARI (Pteroglossus aracari)
SPOT-BILLED TOUCANET (Selenidera maculirostris) [E]
TOCO TOUCAN (Ramphastos toco)
CHANNEL-BILLED TOUCAN (ARIEL) (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel)
RED-BREASTED TOUCAN (Ramphastos dicolorus) [E]
Picidae (Woodpeckers)
WHITE-BARRED PICULET (Picumnus cirratus) [E]
OCHRE-COLLARED PICULET (Picumnus temminckii) [E]
MOTTLED PICULET (Picumnus nebulosus) [E]
WHITE WOODPECKER (Melanerpes candidus)

Saffron Toucanet was seen well on both tours. It's among the most distinctive of the many Atlantic Forest endemic birds. Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
YELLOW-FRONTED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes flavifrons) [E] WHITE-SPOTTED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis spilogaster) [E]
RED-STAINED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis affinis)
YELLOW-EARED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis maculifrons) [E]
YELLOW-THROATED WOODPECKER (Piculus flavigula erythropis)
WHITE-BROWED WOODPECKER (Piculus aurulentus) [E]
GREEN-BARRED WOODPECKER (Colaptes melanochloros melanochloros)
CAMPO FLICKER (CAMPO) (Colaptes campestris campestris)
CAMPO FLICKER (FIELD) (Colaptes campestris campestroides)
BLOND-CRESTED WOODPECKER (Celeus flavescens) [E]
RINGED WOODPECKER (Celeus torquatus tinnunculus) [E]
LINEATED WOODPECKER (Dryocopus lineatus)
ROBUST WOODPECKER (Campephilus robustus) [E]
Cariamidae (Seriemas)
RED-LEGGED SERIEMA (Cariama cristata)
Falconidae (Falcons and Caracaras)
BARRED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur ruficollis)
SOUTHERN CARACARA (Caracara plancus)
Linhares Reserve was a great place for woodpeckers! (Sorry about that nasty cicada in the background.) HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
YELLOW-HEADED CARACARA (Milvago chimachima) CHIMANGO CARACARA (Milvago chimango)
LAUGHING FALCON (Herpetotheres cachinnans)
AMERICAN KESTREL (Falco sparverius)
APLOMADO FALCON (Falco femoralis)
BAT FALCON (Falco rufigularis)
PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus)
Psittacidae (Parrots)
OCHRE-MARKED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura cruentata) [E]
MAROON-BELLIED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura frontalis)
MAROON-FACED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura leucotis) [E]
MONK PARAKEET (Myiopsitta monachus)
We saw the endangered Red-spectacled Parrot on "South of the Capricorn" (Part 2) exceptionally well this year. HD digivideo copyright Bret Whitney.
WHITE-EYED PARAKEET (Aratinga leucophthalma) PEACH-FRONTED PARAKEET (Aratinga aurea)
BLUE-WINGED MACAW (Primolius maracana)
BLUE-WINGED PARROTLET (Forpus xanthopterygius)
PLAIN PARAKEET (Brotogeris tirica) [E]
PILEATED PARROT (Pionopsitta pileata) [E]
SCALY-HEADED PARROT (Pionus maximiliani)
RED-SPECTACLED PARROT (Amazona pretrei) [E]
RED-TAILED PARROT (Amazona brasiliensis) [E]
RED-BROWED PARROT (Amazona rhodocorytha) [E]
ORANGE-WINGED PARROT (Amazona amazonica)
MEALY PARROT (Amazona farinosa)

An unusual flight photo of Vinaceous-breasted Parrot. Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
VINACEOUS-BREASTED PARROT (Amazona vinacea) [E] BLUE-BELLIED PARROT (Triclaria malachitacea) [E]
Thamnophilidae (Typical Antbirds)
SPOT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE (Hypoedaleus guttatus) [E]
GIANT ANTSHRIKE (Batara cinerea)
LARGE-TAILED ANTSHRIKE (Mackenziaena leachii) [E]
TUFTED ANTSHRIKE (Mackenziaena severa) [E]
WHITE-BEARDED ANTSHRIKE (Biatas nigropectus)
RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus ruficapillus)
CHESTNUT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus palliatus)
SOORETAMA SLATY-ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus ambiguus) [E]
VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster)
VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens)
Large-tailed Antshrike is one of the finest birds in South America! HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
SPOT-BREASTED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus stictothorax) [E] PLAIN ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus mentalis)
RUFOUS-BACKED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus xanthopterus) [E]
PLUMBEOUS ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus plumbeus) [E]
STAR-THROATED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula gularis) [E]
WHITE-FLANKED ANTWREN (SILVERY-FLANKED) (Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa)
UNICOLORED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula unicolor) [E]
RUFOUS-WINGED ANTWREN (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus rufimarginatus) [E]
BLACK-HOODED ANTWREN (Formicivora erythronotos) [E]
PARANA ANTWREN (Stymphalornis acutirostris) [E]
Parana Antwren (aka Marsh Antbird) was described to science only in 1996. We enjoyed unusually leisurely viewing of this pair. HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
[SAO PAULO] ANTWREN (Stymphalornis sp. nov.) [E] FERRUGINOUS ANTBIRD (Drymophila ferruginea) [E]
BERTONI'S ANTBIRD (Drymophila rubricollis) [E]
RUFOUS-TAILED ANTBIRD (Drymophila genei) [E]
OCHRE-RUMPED ANTBIRD (Drymophila ochropyga) [E]
DUSKY-TAILED ANTBIRD (Drymophila malura) [E]
SCALED ANTBIRD (Drymophila squamata) [E]
STREAK-CAPPED ANTWREN (Terenura maculata) [E]
RIO DE JANEIRO ANTBIRD (Cercomacra brasiliana) [E]
WHITE-SHOULDERED FIRE-EYE (Pyriglena leucoptera) [E]
WHITE-BIBBED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza loricata) [E]
SQUAMATE ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza squamosa) [E]
Conopophagidae (Gnateaters)
RUFOUS GNATEATER (RUFOUS) (Conopophaga lineata lineata)
Wetland Tapaculo (here in slow motion) was seen scampering across a small opening in the grass several times (better than shown here, I didn't get the best appearance on video), and Planalto Tapaculo performed like a champ. Both species were described to science only recently. HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
RUFOUS GNATEATER (Conopophaga lineata anomala) [E] BLACK-CHEEKED GNATEATER (Conopophaga melanops) [E]
Grallariidae (Antpittas)
VARIEGATED ANTPITTA (Grallaria varia) [*]
[SPECKLE-BREASTED] ANTPITTA (Hylopezus sp. nov.) [E]
Rhinocryptidae (Tapaculos)
SPOTTED BAMBOOWREN (Psilorhamphus guttatus) [E]
SLATY BRISTLEFRONT (Merulaxis ater) [E]
[SLATY] BRISTLEFRONT (Merulaxis sp. nov.) [E]
WHITE-BREASTED TAPACULO (Eleoscytalopus indigoticus) [E]
MOUSE-COLORED TAPACULO (Scytalopus speluncae) [E]

The endemic sylviellus subspecies of Olivaceous Woodcreeper is sure to be split as a species when a thorough study of the complex is eventually performed. Photo copyright Chris Benesh.
[MOUSE-COLORED] TAPACULO (Scytalopus sp. nov.) [E] PLANALTO TAPACULO (Scytalopus pachecoi) [E]
MARSH TAPACULO (Scytalopus iraiensis) [E]
Formicariidae (Antthrushes)
RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius colma)
SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza campanisona campanisona)
SUCH'S ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza meruloides) [E]
RUFOUS-TAILED ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza ruficauda) [E]
Furnariidae (Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers)
RUFOUS-BREASTED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus scansor) [E]
OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER (OLIVACEOUS) (Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus) [E]
PLAIN-BROWN WOODCREEPER (PLAIN-WINGED) (Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina) [E]
PLANALTO WOODCREEPER (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris)
WHITE-THROATED WOODCREEPER (Xiphocolaptes albicollis) [E]
LESSER WOODCREEPER (LESSER) (Xiphorhynchus fuscus tenuirostris) [E]
LESSER WOODCREEPER (LESSER) (Xiphorhynchus fuscus fuscus) [E]
BUFF-THROATED WOODCREEPER (BUFF-THROATED) (Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatus) [E]
BLACK-BILLED SCYTHEBILL (Campylorhamphus falcularius) [E]
SCALED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes squamatus) [E]
SCALLOPED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes falcinellus) [E]

Pale-browed Treehunter (subspecies holti). Photo copyright Chris Benesh.
PLAIN XENOPS (Xenops minutus) STREAKED XENOPS (Xenops rutilans)
WING-BANDED HORNERO (Furnarius figulus)
RUFOUS HORNERO (Furnarius rufus)
SHARP-TAILED STREAMCREEPER (Lochmias nematura nematura)
LONG-TAILED CINCLODES (Cinclodes pabsti) [E]
WHITE-COLLARED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabazenops fuscus) [E]
PALE-BROWED TREEHUNTER (Cichlocolaptes leucophrus holti) [E]
SHARP-BILLED TREEHUNTER (Heliobletus contaminatus camargoi) [E]
SHARP-BILLED TREEHUNTER (Heliobletus contaminatus contaminatus) [E]
OCHRE-BREASTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor lichtensteini) [E]
BLACK-CAPPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor atricapillus) [E]
BUFF-FRONTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor rufum)
WHITE-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabacerthia amaurotis) [E]
BUFF-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Syndactyla rufosuperciliata)
CANEBRAKE GROUNDCREEPER (Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides) [E]
WHITE-EYED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus leucophthalmus) [E]
STRIOLATED TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura striolata) [E]
Araucaria Tit-Spinetail, a highly specialized endemic of Southeast Brazil. Digiscope video copyright Bret Whitney.
ARAUCARIA TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura setaria) [E] RUFOUS-FRONTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus rufifrons)
FRECKLE-BREASTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus striaticollis)
ORANGE-EYED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus) [E]
ORANGE-BREASTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus ferrugineigula) [E]
FIREWOOD-GATHERER (Anumbius annumbi)
ITATIAIA SPINETAIL (Asthenes moreirae) [E]
STRAIGHT-BILLED REEDHAUNTER (Limnoctites rectirostris)
OLIVE SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca obsoleta) [E]
PALLID SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca pallida) [E]
CHOTOY SPINETAIL (Schoeniophylax phryganophilus)
YELLOW-CHINNED SPINETAIL (Certhiaxis cinnamomeus)
RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis ruficapilla) [E]
GRAY-BELLIED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis cinerascens) [E]

Spix's Spinetail -- a really nice view! Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
SPIX'S SPINETAIL (Synallaxis spixi) Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers)
WHITE-LORED TYRANNULET (Ornithion inerme)
SOUTHERN BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET (Camptostoma obsoletum)
YELLOW TYRANNULET (Capsiempis flaveola)
BEARDED TACHURI (Polystictus pectoralis)
GRAY ELAENIA (Myiopagis caniceps)
YELLOW-BELLIED ELAENIA (Elaenia flavogaster)
SMALL-BILLED ELAENIA (Elaenia parvirostris)
OLIVACEOUS ELAENIA (Elaenia mesoleuca)
HIGHLAND ELAENIA (Elaenia obscura sordida)
SOOTY TYRANNULET (Serpophaga nigricans)
WHITE-CRESTED TYRANNULET (Serpophaga subcristata)
GRAY-HOODED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes rufiventris) [E]
SEPIA-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Leptopogon amaurocephalus)
MOTTLE-CHEEKED TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes ventralis)
RESTINGA TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes kronei) [E]
SAO PAULO TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes paulista) [E]
OUSTALET'S TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes oustaleti) [E]

The spectacular display of Streamer-tailed Tyrants is truly unforgettable! This is the responsive pair we saw near Intervales on "South of the Capricorn" (Part 2). Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
SERRA DO MAR TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes difficilis) [E] BAY-RINGED TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes sylviolus) [E]
ROUGH-LEGGED TYRANNULET (BURMEISTER'S) (Phyllomyias burmeisteri burmeisteri)
GREENISH TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias virescens) [E]
PLANALTO TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias fasciatus)
GRAY-CAPPED TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias griseocapilla) [E]
SHARP-TAILED TYRANT (Culicivora caudacuta)
SOUTHERN ANTPIPIT (Corythopis delalandi)
EARED PYGMY-TYRANT (Myiornis auricularis) [E]
DRAB-BREASTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus diops) [E]
BROWN-BREASTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus obsoletus obsoletus) [E]
BROWN-BREASTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus obsoletus zimmeri) [E]
EYE-RINGED TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus orbitatus) [E]
HANGNEST TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus nidipendulus) [E]
KAEMPFER'S TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus kaempferi) [E]
FORK-TAILED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus furcatus) [E]
OCHRE-FACED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps)
GRAY-HEADED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum poliocephalum) [E]
COMMON TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum cinereum)
OLIVACEOUS FLATBILL (Rhynchocyclus olivaceus)
YELLOW-OLIVE FLYCATCHER (SOORETAMA) (Tolmomyias sulphurescens sulphurescens) [E]
GRAY-CROWNED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias poliocephalus)

Royal Flycatcher, Atlantic Forest endemic subspecies swainsoni. This individual ended Ebbe's 12-year wait for a Royal Flycatcher! Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
YELLOW-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias flaviventris) WHITE-THROATED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus mystaceus)
ROYAL FLYCATCHER (SWAINSON'S) (Onychorhynchus coronatus swainsoni) [E]
CLIFF FLYCATCHER (Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa)
WHISKERED FLYCATCHER (YELLOW-RUMPED) (Myiobius barbatus mastacalis)
BRAN-COLORED FLYCATCHER (Myiophobus fasciatus)
EULER'S FLYCATCHER (Lathrotriccus euleri)
TROPICAL PEWEE (Contopus cinereus)
FUSCOUS FLYCATCHER (FUSCOUS) (Cnemotriccus fuscatus fuscatus) [E]
BLUE-BILLED BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus cyanirostris)
CRESTED BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus lophotes)
VELVETY BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus nigerrimus) [E]
YELLOW-BROWED TYRANT (Satrapa icterophrys)
GRAY MONJITA (Xolmis cinereus)
WHITE-RUMPED MONJITA (Xolmis velatus)
WHITE MONJITA (Xolmis irupero)
BLACK-AND-WHITE MONJITA (Xolmis dominicanus)
STREAMER-TAILED TYRANT (Gubernetes yetapa)
Handsome Hooded Berryeaters were seen several times across both tours. HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
SHEAR-TAILED GRAY TYRANT (Muscipipra vetula) [E] MASKED WATER-TYRANT (Fluvicola nengeta)
LONG-TAILED TYRANT (Colonia colonus)
CATTLE TYRANT (Machetornis rixosa)
LARGE-HEADED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon megacephalum megacephalum) [E]
RUFOUS-TAILED ATTILA (Attila phoenicurus)
GRAY-HOODED ATTILA (Attila rufus) [E]
BRIGHT-RUMPED ATTILA (Attila spadiceus)
SIRYSTES (EASTERN) (Sirystes sibilator sibilator)
GRAYISH MOURNER (Rhytipterna simplex simplex) [E]
DUSKY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tuberculifer)
SWAINSON'S FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus swainsoni)
Gray-winged Cotinga was a cliff-hanger this year, but we came away with long, leisurely looks at two birds feeding in a small fruiting tree (I couldn't get the still photo at the end to stay on for more than a split second, sorry). That morning on Pico de Caledonia was truly sensational! HD video copyright Bret Whitney.
SHORT-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus ferox) BROWN-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tyrannulus)
GREAT KISKADEE (Pitangus sulphuratus)
BOAT-BILLED FLYCATCHER (Megarynchus pitangua)
RUSTY-MARGINED FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes cayanensis erythropterus) [E]
SOCIAL FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes similis)
THREE-STRIPED FLYCATCHER (Conopias trivirgatus)
STREAKED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes maculatus)
PIRATIC FLYCATCHER (Legatus leucophaius)
VARIEGATED FLYCATCHER (Empidonomus varius)
TROPICAL KINGBIRD (Tyrannus melancholicus)
FORK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Tyrannus savana)
Oxyruncidae (Sharpbill)
SHARPBILL (Oxyruncus cristatus)
Cotingidae (Cotingas)
HOODED BERRYEATER (Carpornis cucullata) [E]
BLACK-HEADED BERRYEATER (Carpornis melanocephala) [E]
RED-RUFFED FRUITCROW (Pyroderus scutatus)
SCREAMING PIHA (Lipaugus vociferans)

This handsome pair of Swallow-tailed Cotingas was feeding two fledglings near Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. Digiscope photo copyright Bret Whitney.
CINNAMON-VENTED PIHA (Lipaugus lanioides) [E] BLACK-AND-GOLD COTINGA (Tijuca atra) [E]
GRAY-WINGED COTINGA (Tijuca condita) [E]
BARE-THROATED BELLBIRD (Procnias nudicollis) [E]
WHITE-WINGED COTINGA (Xipholena atropurpurea) [E]
SWALLOW-TAILED COTINGA (Phibalura flavirostris)
Pipridae (Manakins)
WIED'S TYRANT-MANAKIN (Neopelma aurifrons) [E]
SERRA DO MAR TYRANT-MANAKIN (Neopelma chrysolophum) [E]
PIN-TAILED MANAKIN (Ilicura militaris) [E]
WHITE-BEARDED MANAKIN (Manacus manacus)
SWALLOW-TAILED MANAKIN (Chiroxiphia caudata) [E]

Black-capped Piprites, among the top highlights from "North of the Tropic" (Part 1). Photo copyright tour participant Valerie Gebert.
WHITE-CROWNED MANAKIN (Pipra pipra) RED-HEADED MANAKIN (Pipra rubrocapilla)
WING-BARRED PIPRITES (Piprites chloris)
BLACK-CAPPED PIPRITES (Piprites pileata) [E]
Tityridae (Tityras and Allies)
BLACK-TAILED TITYRA (Tityra cayana)
BLACK-CROWNED TITYRA (Tityra inquisitor)
BROWN-WINGED SCHIFFORNIS (BROWN-WINGED) (Schiffornis turdina turdina)
GREENISH SCHIFFORNIS (Schiffornis virescens) [E]
BUFF-THROATED PURPLETUFT (Iodopleura pipra) [E]
GREEN-BACKED BECARD (Pachyramphus viridis)
CHESTNUT-CROWNED BECARD (Pachyramphus castaneus)
WHITE-WINGED BECARD (Pachyramphus polychopterus)
BLACK-CAPPED BECARD (Pachyramphus marginatus)
Buff-throated Purpletufts were nest-building on 9 Nov. I returned to the site in hopes of making professional quality video on 5 December, when there might have been a large chick in the nest, but the entire nest was gone, no sign of it. Digiscope video copyright Bret Whitney.
CRESTED BECARD (Pachyramphus validus) Vireonidae (Vireos)
RED-EYED VIREO (MIGRATORY CHIVI) (Vireo olivaceus chivi)
RUFOUS-CROWNED GREENLET (Hylophilus poicilotis) [E]
LEMON-CHESTED GREENLET (Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus)
RUFOUS-BROWED PEPPERSHRIKE (Cyclarhis gujanensis)
Corvidae (Crows, Jays, and Magpies)
AZURE JAY (Cyanocorax caeruleus) [E]
Hirundinidae (Swallows)
BLUE-AND-WHITE SWALLOW (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca)
WHITE-THIGHED SWALLOW (Atticora tibialis)
SOUTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis)
GRAY-BREASTED MARTIN (Progne chalybea)
BROWN-CHESTED MARTIN (Progne tapera)
WHITE-WINGED SWALLOW (Tachycineta albiventer)
WHITE-RUMPED SWALLOW (Tachycineta leucorrhoa)
Eastern Slaty-Thrush is not always "in" by late November, but they were around this year! Digiscope video copyright Bret Whitney.
BARN SWALLOW (Hirundo rustica) Troglodytidae (Wrens)
HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon)
THRUSH-LIKE WREN (Campylorhynchus turdinus)
MOUSTACHED WREN (Pheugopedius genibarbis)
LONG-BILLED WREN (Cantorchilus longirostris)
Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers)
LONG-BILLED GNATWREN (Ramphocaenus melanurus)
MASKED GNATCATCHER (Polioptila dumicola)
Turdidae (Thrushes and Allies)
YELLOW-LEGGED THRUSH (Turdus flavipes)
PALE-BREASTED THRUSH (Turdus leucomelas)
COCOA THRUSH (Turdus fumigatus)
RUFOUS-BELLIED THRUSH (Turdus rufiventris)
CREAMY-BELLIED THRUSH (Turdus amaurochalinus)
SLATY THRUSH (EASTERN) (Turdus nigriceps subalaris)

Brazilian Tanager. Photo copyright Chris Benesh.
WHITE-NECKED THRUSH (Turdus albicollis) Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers)
CHALK-BROWED MOCKINGBIRD (Mimus saturninus)
Motacillidae (Wagtails and Pipits)
OCHRE-BREASTED PIPIT (Anthus nattereri)
HELLMAYR'S PIPIT (Anthus hellmayri brasilianus)
Parulidae (New World Warblers)
MASKED YELLOWTHROAT (Geothlypis aequinoctialis)
TROPICAL PARULA (Setophaga pitiayumi)
GOLDEN-CROWNED WARBLER (Basileuterus culicivorus)
WHITE-BROWED WARBLER (Myiothlypis leucoblephara) [E]
RIVERBANK WARBLER (Myiothlypis rivularis)
Thraupidae (Tanagers and Allies)
BROWN TANAGER (Orchesticus abeillei) [E]
CINNAMON TANAGER (Schistochlamys ruficapillus)
MAGPIE TANAGER (Cissopis leverianus)
HOODED TANAGER (Nemosia pileata)
OLIVE-GREEN TANAGER (Orthogonys chloricterus) [E]

Chestnut-backed tanager has GOT to be one of he fanciest of all Tangara tanagers... right? Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
CHESTNUT-HEADED TANAGER (Pyrrhocoma ruficeps) [E] BLACK-GOGGLED TANAGER (Trichothraupis melanops)
FLAME-CRESTED TANAGER (Tachyphonus cristatus)
RUBY-CROWNED TANAGER (Tachyphonus coronatus) [E]
BRAZILIAN TANAGER (Ramphocelus bresilius) [E]
SAYACA TANAGER (Thraupis sayaca)
AZURE-SHOULDERED TANAGER (Thraupis cyanoptera) [E]
GOLDEN-CHEVRONED TANAGER (Thraupis ornata) [E]
PALM TANAGER (Thraupis palmarum)
BLUE-AND-YELLOW TANAGER (Thraupis bonariensis)
DIADEMED TANAGER (Stephanophorus diadematus) [E]
FAWN-BREASTED TANAGER (Pipraeidea melanonota)
BLACK-BACKED TANAGER (Tangara peruviana) [E]

Bay-chested Warbling-Finch. Photo copyright Valerie Gebert, "North of the Tropic" tour participant.
CHESTNUT-BACKED TANAGER (Tangara preciosa) [E] BURNISHED-BUFF TANAGER (Tangara cayana)
TURQUOISE TANAGER (WHITE-BELLIED) (Tangara mexicana brasiliensis) [E]
GREEN-HEADED TANAGER (Tangara seledon) [E]
RED-NECKED TANAGER (Tangara cyanocephala) [E]
BRASSY-BREASTED TANAGER (Tangara desmaresti) [E]
GILT-EDGED TANAGER (Tangara cyanoventris) [E]
SWALLOW TANAGER (Tersina viridis)
BLACK-LEGGED DACNIS (Dacnis nigripes) [E]
BLUE DACNIS (Dacnis cayana)
RED-LEGGED HONEYCREEPER (Cyanerpes cyaneus)
GREEN HONEYCREEPER (Chlorophanes spiza)
RUFOUS-HEADED TANAGER (Hemithraupis ruficapilla) [E]
CHESTNUT-VENTED CONEBILL (Conirostrum speciosum)

Lesser Grass-Finch near Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
UNIFORM FINCH (Haplospiza unicolor) [E] LONG-TAILED REED FINCH (Donacospiza albifrons)
BAY-CHESTED WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza thoracica) [E]
BLACK-AND-RUFOUS WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza nigrorufa)
BUFF-THROATED WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza lateralis) [E]
GRAY-THROATED WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza cabanisi)
SAFFRON FINCH (Sicalis flaveola)
GRASSLAND YELLOW-FINCH (GRASSLAND) (Sicalis luteola luteiventris)
WEDGE-TAILED GRASS-FINCH (Emberizoides herbicola) [*]
LESSER GRASS-FINCH (Emberizoides ypiranganus)
GREAT PAMPA-FINCH (Embernagra platensis)
BLUE-BLACK GRASSQUIT (Volatinia jacarina)
BUFFY-FRONTED SEEDEATER (Sporophila frontalis) [E]
LINED SEEDEATER (Sporophila lineola)
DOUBLE-COLLARED SEEDEATER (Sporophila caerulescens)
WHITE-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila leucoptera leucoptera)
TAWNY-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila hypoxantha)
BLACK-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila melanogaster) [E]
TROPEIRO SEEDEATER (Sporophila beltoni) [E]
BANANAQUIT (Coereba flaveola)

Thick-billed Saltator. Photo copyright Valerie Gebert, "North of the Tropic" tour participant.
GREEN-WINGED SALTATOR (Saltator similis) THICK-BILLED SALTATOR (Saltator maxillosus) [E]
BUFF-THROATED SALTATOR (Saltator maximus)
BLACK-THROATED GROSBEAK (Saltator fuliginosus) [E]
Emberizidae (Buntings and New World Sparrows)
HALF-COLLARED SPARROW (Arremon semitorquatus) [E]
GRASSLAND SPARROW (Ammodramus humeralis)
RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROW (Zonotrichia capensis)
Cardinalidae (Cardinals and Allies)
RED-CROWNED ANT-TANAGER (Habia rubica)
YELLOW-GREEN GROSBEAK (Caryothraustes canadensis)
BLACKISH-BLUE SEEDEATER (Amaurospiza moesta) [E]
Icteridae (Troupials and Allies)
WHITE-BROWED BLACKBIRD (Sturnella superciliaris)
CHOPI BLACKBIRD (Gnorimopsar chopi)
CHESTNUT-CAPPED BLACKBIRD (Chrysomus ruficapillus)
SAFFRON-COWLED BLACKBIRD (Xanthopsar flavus)
YELLOW-RUMPED MARSHBIRD (Pseudoleistes guirahuro)

Green-throated Euphonia, aka "Green-chinned" Euphonia. This male was feeding on fruits, really low and close! Photo copyright Marcelo Padua.
SHINY COWBIRD (Molothrus bonariensis) CAMPO TROUPIAL (Icterus jamacaii)
RED-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus haemorrhous)
GOLDEN-WINGED CACIQUE (Cacicus chrysopterus)
CRESTED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius decumanus)
Fringillidae (Siskins, Crossbills, and Allies)
PURPLE-THROATED EUPHONIA (Euphonia chlorotica)
VIOLACEOUS EUPHONIA (Euphonia violacea)
GREEN-THROATED EUPHONIA (Euphonia chalybea) [E]
GOLDEN-RUMPED EUPHONIA (Euphonia cyanocephala)
ORANGE-BELLIED EUPHONIA (Euphonia xanthogaster)
CHESTNUT-BELLIED EUPHONIA (Euphonia pectoralis) [E]
BLUE-NAPED CHLOROPHONIA (Chlorophonia cyanea)
HOODED SISKIN (Spinus magellanicus)
Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)
HOUSE SPARROW (Passer domesticus)
Estrildidae (Waxbills and Allies)
COMMON WAXBILL (Estrilda astrild)
WHITE-TUFTED-EAR MARMOSET (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)
TUFTED-EAR MARMOSET (Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi) [E]
BUFFY-HEADED MARMOSET (Callithrix jacchus flaviceps) [E]
EXTRAS & OUTTAKES from both tours -- enjoy! Video copyright your enduring guide, aka The Kite.
MASKED TITI MONKEY (Callicebus personatus) [E] BROWN HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta fuscus)
BROWN CAPUCHIN (Cebus apella)
NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO (Dasypus novemcinctus)
BRAZILIAN RABBIT (Sylvilagus brasiliensis)
EUROPEAN BROWN HARE (Lepus europaeus)
GUIANAN SQUIRREL (Sciurus aestuans)
CAVY SP. (Galea/Cavia sp.)
CAPYBARA (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris)
BROWN AGOUTI (Dasyprocta variegata)
NUTRIA (Myocastor coypus)
BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (Tursiops truncatus)
PAMPAS FOX (Pseudalopex gymnocercus)
SOUTH AMERICAN COATI (Nasua nasua)
Valerie and Company perform "The 12 birds of Christmas" in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro at the close of "North of the Tropic" (Part 1). It was fun!! Cell phone video copyright Bret Whitney.
COLLARED PECCARY (Tayassu tajacu) BROWN BROCKET DEER (Mazama gouazoubira)
Among lots of other creatures of interest were Striped Hognosed Skunk (S - Rio Grande do Sul at night); Yellow-footed Tortoise (N - Linhares); a fer-de-lance Tonya spotted *outside* her room at Itatiaia (rather than inside it, as she did with a Boa at Alta Floresta a year or so ago!); Tupinambis tegu lizards (large, terrestrial guys that came out on roads on sunny days); some enormous Bufo icerotis toads on forest roads; lots of small leaf-litter (camouflaged) toads; several tarantulas, especially on Part 2 near Sao Francisco de Paula where we saw 4-5 big ones one day!; and many fabulous butterflies along the way.
Totals for the tour: 540 bird taxa and 19 mammal taxa